Children Act 1989 Essay

Assignment 1 connects to learning result 1, evaluation standards 1.1. Produce a data sheet which plots the accompanying:  · the current enactment for locally situated childcare †¢ the job of administrative bodies. The two most significant bits of enactment covering locally situated childcare are the Children Act (2004) and the Childcare Act (2006(. Youngsters Act (2004) This persuasive bit of enactment which emerged from ‘Every Child Matters’ and recognizes five results for all kids: * Be sound * Stay safe * Enjoy and accomplish * Make a positive commitment * Achieve financial prosperity These results ought to support all act of a childminder. Childcare Act (2006) This Act presented the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) educational plan into England and Wales, and spot a legal obligation on the neighborhood power to move in the direction of guaranteeing the five results set out in the Children Act (2004) are being met. Other significant enactment of significance is: Equity Act (2010) The aim of this Act is to join the divided segregation enactment, uniting the Sex Discrimination Act (1975), Race Relations Act (1976), and DDA (1995). Advancement of equivalent open doors in all settings is basic, and pertinent approaches and methods ought to be created, observed and evaluated. Training Act (1997) This Act consolidates every single past Act since 1944. It perceive the privileges of guardians with respect to their children’s instruction and set a time period on the lawful procedure for distinguishing and evaluating a child’s needs as set out in the Code of Practice. General Health (Control of Disease) Act (1984), RIDDOR (1995) and Health Protection Agency Act (2004) All these enactments are centered around ensuring people’s wellbeing, covering notice and prohibition periods for certain irresistible ailments and announcing of specific mishaps and occurrences. OFSTED is the managing body for England and Wales. Ofsted is the Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills. They report straightforwardly to Parliament and are autonomous and unprejudiced. They examine and direct administrations which care for youngsters and youngsters, and those giving instruction and abilities to students everything being equal. Their point is to advance improvement and incentive for cash in the childcare administrations they review and control, with the goal that all youngsters and youngsters, guardians and carers, grown-up students and bosses advantage. OFSTEDs work is to check places where kids and youthful peopleare took care of the individuals who take care of youngsters and youngsters schools and universities grown-up learning and preparing how instructors are prepared

Portfolio writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Portfolio composing - Essay Example Fantastic pictures in my work are depicted as an oddity among authenticity and optimism. The authenticity related with the cruel and lovely real factors of life and human instinct are communicated subconsciously and lowered with optimism. These snapshots of joy are dreams, not idealist dreams, that takes into consideration progress through life’s traps. It propagates trust, isolating it from the truth of life’s venture. It gives life meaning and the subjects ‘dreams’ and ‘hopes’ articulate the importance of life in my work. I spent my youngster and pre-adult years in outside nations just as finishing my bachelor’s and master’s programs in the UK where I studied Fine Arts (painting), at the same time longing for Korea. I have consistently stayed nostalgic about Korea and attracted to the otherworldly craft of the Orient. These interests for Korea and the profound specialty of the Orient incredibly impacts the work that I produce. After coming back to Korea, I joined the theoretical soul of â€Å"line† generally utilized in Oriental workmanship (straight craftsmanship that as often as possible portrays Oriental workmanship) into my artistic creation, photography and establishment. Staying consistent with this custom, I additionally brought into my work, consolidated representative articulations which I am trying to apply to medium in an assortment of sorts. Steady with this methodology, I have used trial articulations of developmental craftsmanship and keep on doing as such. By adopti ng this strategy I have benefited from various approaches to utilize craftsmanship mechanism for inventive articulations. I have an inclination for wound artwork over conventional utilization of paint to canvas. I additionally speak to pictures from my memory by temperance of a mix of wound work of art and monotonous lines. By adopting this strategy I am ready to mirror a monotonous cycle through the article painted. These artistic creation strategies allows a novel association with the world that I am making by permitting me to turn out to be all the more personally associated with the brush. While my

How to Write Yourself a Will

How to Write Yourself a WillIf you want to learn how to write yourself a great will, then this article is for you. There are many things that can be done to write a great will. This can help you decide whether or not to include some things in your will and if you do, what to exclude.The first step when learning how to write myself a will is to write down the important things you would like to have included in your will. You should have a list of things that are most important to you and would like to be included in your will. Then you will be able to see the items that would not be a good fit for you or even something that you would like to include. You should always ask yourself, 'Would I change this item?'Before you include your will, make sure you go over your list of items with a lawyer. A lawyer can give you an idea of what may be okay or not okay in your will. You should also make sure you check with a family law attorney to see if any types of attorney fees might be involved w ith writing a will. Attorney fees can be extremely expensive, so make sure you talk to someone before you do anything else.Another thing to consider before writing your will is to make sure that your lawyer has a contract with you that covers all attorney fees. The contract will give you the legal basis to write your will and also how it will be enforced. If you are unable to reach an agreement with your lawyer, then your lawyer should be able to help you draft a contract that is acceptable to both of you. Then you can go about making sure you have the right type of will write for you.There are various types of wills that can be written. Most people like to use a simple will and skip the more complicated ones. There are many things that are included in a simple will, but there are also several that you cannot include because they are considered 'contrary to public policy.' For example, you would never want to write yourself a will that says you would like to take care of your health needs and your property needs.Once you know what types of will you want to write, then you will need to determine what you must-include items in your will. Some items that are considered contrary to public policy are things like names of your children, significant others, friends, and even siblings. If you don't want these types of items included in your will, then it is important to speak with a lawyer to make sure you have enough room in your will to do so.When you have finalized the will, then you will need to set some practical guidelines. You will want to keep track of the will that was written and ensure that you complete it by your own death date. If you sign your will by hand, then it is important to read it thoroughly so that you understand every word and are confident that you have included every word you want to include.Learning how to write myself a will can help you feel better about your last wishes and protect your family in the event of your death. Your lawyer can h elp you learn how to write yourself a will so that you know what goes in your will and what you do not want included. You can even find a lawyer that will explain how your will is enforced once you have finalized it and filed it.

Should Developed Countries Accept More Refugees - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 829 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/06/18 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Refugees Essay Did you like this example? The world is full of people forced to leave their homes and countries for having better lives as a result of political disorder and persecution. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), estimated that their number can reach to 40 million. More than half of them within their countries borders and over 12 million are those who have fled to other countries to escape ethnic, religious, and political persecution (Debatewise, 2016). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Should Developed Countries Accept More Refugees" essay for you Create order According to Pew Research Center (2016), only in 2015, around 1.3 million applications of refugees have been received by European Union countries and most of them have been accepted. Besides, most of Americans are children of refugees; it means that the U.S also sheltered a lot of refugees. Yet, the question remains that should developed countries accept more refugees? The media strongly portrays the arguments for accepting refugees, but there are some people who are against the entrance of refugees to their countries. However, this paper is for accepting more refugees by providing two strong reasons; The first arguments is that developed countries have a lot of resources that they should share with refugees by allowing them to be in their countries. According to Debatewise (2016), its a valid argument that many 1st world countries have enough resources and stable systems to help many of refugees who have gone through problems, inexplicable horrors, and who have less. It is clear and obvious that people in developed countries live quite peaceful lives and there arent many people experiencing what refugees may be experiencing in their home countries like hunger, fear, running from bombs, being separated from their family, injuries, and even being killed. Debatewise adds that many citizens of developed nations believe that they have enough housing, money that are paid by tax payers, and ability to provide shelter and opportunity for immigrants. Thus, developed countries should allow more refugees to come to their countries and give some of their resources to them. The other reason why developed countries allow refugees is the view that refugees can help the economy. It is believed that the children whose lives have been saved and are provided by opportunities will raise up, can be functional citizens of the country and will give back (Debatewise, 2016). Most of the people who migrate to developed countries, they receive aid mostly in cash from international community or organizations for their food and other expenses that can add to the income of the host country as whole. Besides, when there is more citizens in a country, they will buy and consume more products that allow businesses to produce more and increase the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of that country. Moreover, most of refugees are young and are able to provide jobs or employment that will bring more revenue and affect the economy of the country positively. As an example, 15% of the U.S population are refugees that represent 25% of entrepreneurs who took risk, established their own v enture, and created many jobs (Bahar, 2018). This is how refugees are helpful for the economy of the host countries. On the other hand, many people believe that developed countries themselves have a lot of problems and needy people that have to take care of them. Especially, in the U.S., the people who dont want refugees to be in their county argue that the U.S. already has so many underprivileged and homeless people who could be receiving that help and resources instead (Debatewise, 2016). Moreover, there are those who think that the inflow of thousands of refugees means that the jobs of the citizens of developed countries will be taken by those refugees. Many claim that its difficult to find job or provide employment for this much immigrants as they need to send their children to school and cover other expenses that negatively affects the economic system of host countries (Debatewise, 2016). Despite all these, the developed nations have a lot of resources that will be enough for providing shelter to the migrants and their own citizens. Also, natives dont need to be worried about losing their job s because natives and foreigners typically have a different set of skills and compete for different types of jobs. Sometimes, foreigners or refugees are not able to compete with natives especially when the job needs the domain language. Besides, by their arrival there will be need for more teachers, doctors, engineers, and other professions that immigrants can own jobs by fulfilling those needs. To conclude, the number of refugees is increasing day by day because of civil, religious, and political disorders. They leave their own countries to live better lives in the countries that are developed. Thus, my argument here is that developed nations have to contribute to solving this issue by allowing more refugees to their countries. Developed counties by accepting more refugees will gain more compare to what they lose. They will share their land and some other resources; in return, the refugees will be a catalyst for their economic cycle by consuming more and creating more jobs.

Summary of Hannah Arendts Ideology and Terror a Novel...

In her excerpt Ideology and Terror: A Novel Form of Government from her book The Origins of Totalitarianism, Hannah Arendt reveals that terror is at the core of a totalitarian government, and that this terror is based upon ideology. This type of terror exceeds fear. Totalitarianism dominated many governments during the twentieth century. Unlike other forms of government that oppress its people; a totalitarian form of government escapes the boundaries of definition. A totalitarian government is commonly mistaken as a tyranny or dictatorship. Arendt explains that this is because it must begin as a tyranny to lift the boundaries of the laws. Arendt uses two particular governments as examples to help clarify the nature of a†¦show more content†¦Arendt explains that the ultimate power of a totalitarian government is the acceptance of the ideology being propagated. The laws that are put into place in totalitarian government are not to empower the people and protect their rights. Instead, the laws tell the people what they must do, not what they must not do. Arendt tells how the law of nature is the foundation for Hitlers Nazis, and the law of history for Russias communist regimes. According to Arendt, both the Nazi and communist regimes maintained that those laws gave them justification for their cruelty. These laws of nature and history are not permanent or stable. They are in motion to keep history and nature moving, so that it progresses without ever stopping. pArendt claims that these laws of motion sustain the terror fueling the totalitarian government. Arendt says that terror is the realization and execution of these laws with nothing standing in its way. Throughout the selection, Arendt speaks of terror. Terror is essential for the state to keep its power, or else it will fall. According to Arendt, in a totalitarian state terror terminates individuality among the people. Individual men become a mass of humankind, in the eyes of the state. Terror exists neither for nor against men, claims Arendt, it substitutes for the boundaries and channels of communication between individual men a band of iron which holds them so tightly

Analysis Of Nonviolence Resistance By Cesar Chavez

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a civil rights leader who fought with nonviolence against the inequalities the black community faced. After the 10th anniversary of King Jr.’s death, Cesar Chavez wrote an article about nonviolence resistance by using rhetorical choices such as diction, pathos, and allusion. Utilizing diction, Chavez uses strong words to inform the reader about the importance of nonviolence resistance. Chavez uses words like inspired, yearn, justice, and tremendous to grab the reader’s attention and emphasize the importance of his argument. The examples that features these words are, â€Å"It is an example that inspired much of the philosophy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"The American people and people everywhere yearn for justice† and, â€Å"such a thing†¦show more content†¦This creates a strong emotion of hopefulness within the reader since Chavez claims that he’s on their side which, helps convince the audience to listen to his argument about the importance of nonviolence more thoroughly. Basically, Chavez here is saying that we shouldn’t resort to violence no matter what hardships we face since it’s more important than relying on our negative emotions to attack others physically. To make Chavez’s point about nonviolence more effective, he makes an allusion to Gandhi. To validate his claim about the importance of nonviolence to create change, he states, â€Å"The boycott, as Gandhi taught, is the most nearly perfect instrument of nonviolence change, allowing masses of people to participate actively in a cause.† Here, Chavez makes an allusion to Gandhi because he was one of the earliest examples of using nonviolence as a way to protest. So, just like what King Jr. did to fight nonviolently to impose change, it emphasizes Chavez’s point since he’s using an example of someone else who has done this. Also, by using Gandhi and how he states that nonviolence is a perfect way to combat something since it allows everyone to participate, it reveals how nonviolence is used as a way to unify people for a cause unlike violence which promotes the injury and death of others. So, this helps prove that nonviolence isShow MoreRelatedThe Black Panther Party s Legacy2084 Words   |  9 PagesThey were an organization in bloom looking to create solidarity and heal within the black community by whatever means necessary. The Black Panther Party is believed to be a revolutionary force that has helped shape movements of today. Within this analysis we would like to unearth the history of the Black Panther Party including its origins, their struggles, ultimate demise, and contributions to movements of the contemporary world. We feel that it is important to rediscover this information because

Economics Uncertainty and Monetary Policy

Question: Discuss about the Economics Uncertainty and Monetary Policy. Answer: Introduction The present assignment covers the explanation on economic equilibrium stability hat requires the business operation at level of output at which all the demand and supply curve intersects. The concept of economic equilibrium stability has been presented by considering the business cycle as well as market equilibrium. Equilibrium is said to be a level where demand and supply of products and services are balanced at a common point (Benavente, 2016). The assignment covers the concept of Competitive equilibrium as well as Nash equilibrium based on the optimum output level at an intersecting point of demand and supply. Economic equilibrium is a point or a level where the forces of economy are balanced at one common point that remains constant even when there is absence of external influences. It is essential for the economy to operate its output at which the aggregate level of demand curve and supply curve at long- run as well as at short- run intersects. In order to measure the equilibrium point, two- way relationship of the business product exists in terms of price and output level (Lehmann, Ledezma Van der Linden, 2016). As the level of product price changes, it changes the level of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) with respect to the market industry of the product whereas change in real GDP changes the level of price. When the change in GDP occurs due to change in level of price then the situation is defined by using aggregate demand curve while change in real GDP is explained by aggregate supply curve. The above diagram presents the short- run equilibrium of the economy using the aggregate demand and supply curve. Point E denotes the level at which the price (OP) and output quantity (OQ) intersects to present the optimum and balanced level of output (Vannoorenberghe Janeba, 2016). However, in case the level of price for the output changes, the aggregate supply curve and aggregate demand curve automatically changes and the situation occurs in the long- run. Change in price results in shifting of aggregate demand curve along with the aggregate supply curve that is affected by domestic and international customer requirements. In case the price of output increases, the aggregate demand and supply curve shifts to right. On the other hand, the aggregate supply is fixed in the long- run considering the production factors and other external factors that affects the economy (Knittel Pindyck, 2016). The above diagram explains the shifting of aggregate demand curve as well as aggregate supply curve along with the long- run aggregate supply curve. It has been observed that the aggregate long- run supply curve remains fixed while the short- run aggregate supply curve 1 shifts to the right at a point B indicting increase in price with the increase in output. Similarly, shifting of aggregate demand curve from point 1 to point 2 indicates decrease in output level in the long- run (Crucini Davis, 2016). Accordingly, the point of equilibrium occurs where demand curve and supply curve aggregate during short- run and long- run intersects at the same point. Considering competitive equilibrium, supply curve and demand curve in the economy occurs at a same point considering the price of product supply is equivalent to the output demand. For the purpose of stable economic equilibrium, it is essential for the industry to consider balanced supply and demand at a given price level. It is important because if the level of supply and demand in unequal, the monopoly market condition would occur in which the seller would influence the price because in this market, number of seller is one while number of buyers is large (Cachanosky Salter, 2016). For the purpose of stable economic equilibrium,static equilibrium considers change in demand and supply of the output level. Accordingly, in order to form stable equilibrium it is important to operate the output level where the demand and supply curve intersects which changes if the price of the output changes. The stable economic equilibrium considers business cycles, monetary policy, and fiscal policy represents combination of tax and economic activities that increase the industrial growth along with the increase in rate of inflation. In case there is economic recession, tax deduction as well increase of government expenses affects the activities of economy. In view of the monetary policy, indicators of the economy like GDP or rate of inflation deals with the trailing indicators in the economy (McKay Reis, 2016). Accordingly, monetary policy indicates the equilibrium concept by using a Gross Domestic Product equation which considers the factors of investment amount, consumption, government expenses and net income from international transaction. Economic equilibrium can be achieved by maintaining growth in real GDP at a positive point i.e. at increasing price and demand level. Besides, it is essential for the economy to minimize the rate of inflation as well as lower the interest rates to improve the investment opportunities and international trading opportunities. In addition, the productive capacity must be utilized at an optimum level at given level of stock that assist the economy to achieve stable equilibrium following the demand curve and supply curve (Bekaert, Hoerova Duca, 2013). Conclusion Considering the explanation and discussion on the stable economic equilibrium it can be concluded that there should be balanced level between demand and supply of the output. In the short- run equilibrium is the point where demand and supply becomes equal at a given price level considering the present inflation rate. To maintain the economy and growth, it is important to maintain the equilibrium at operate the business output at a balanced level where aggregate demand curve and supply curve intersects. The study also covers the understanding of equilibrium by considering monetary and fiscal policies under business cycle of economy stating the maintenance of GDP and inflation rate. Reference List Bekaert, G., Hoerova, M., Duca, M. L. (2013).Risk, uncertainty and monetary policy.Journal of Monetary Economics,60(7), 771-788. Benavente, J. M. G. (2016). Impact of a carbon tax on the Chilean economy: A computable general equilibrium analysis.Energy Economics,57, 106-127. Cachanosky, N., Salter, A. W. (2016). The view from Vienna: An analysis of the renewed interest in the Mises-Hayek theory of the business cycle.The Review of Austrian Economics, 1-24. Crucini, M. J., Davis, J. S. (2016). Distribution capital and the short-and long-run import demand elasticity.Journal of International Economics,100, 203-219. Knittel, C. R., Pindyck, R. S. (2016). The simple economics of commodity price speculation.American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics,8(2), 85-110. Lehmann, E., Ledezma, P. L. M., Van der Linden, B. (2016).Workforce location and equilibrium unemployment in a duocentric economy with matching frictions.Journal of Urban Economics,91, 26-44. McKay, A., Reis, R. (2016).The role of automatic stabilizers in the US business cycle.Econometrica,84(1), 141-194. Vannoorenberghe, G., Janeba, E. (2016).Trade and the political economy of redistribution.Journal of International Economics,98, 233-244.

The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer Essays - English-language Films

The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer MOST of the adventures recorded in this book really occurred; one or two were experiences of my own, the rest those of boys who were schoolmates of mine. Huck Finn is drawn from life; Tom Sawyer also, but not from an individual -- he is a combina- tion of the characteristics of three boys whom I knew, and therefore belongs to the composite order of archi- tecture. The odd superstitions touched upon were all preva- lent among children and slaves in the West at the period of this story -- that is to say, thirty or forty years ago. Although my book is intended mainly for the en- tertainment of boys and girls, I hope it will not be shunned by men and women on that account, for part of my plan has been to try to pleasantly remind adults of what they once were themselves, and of how they felt and thought and talked, and what queer enterprises they sometimes engaged in. American History

Definition and Examples of Conceptual Blending

Definition and Examples of Conceptual Blending Conceptual blending refers to a set of cognitive operations for combining (or blending) words, images, and ideas in a network of mental spaces to create meaning. The theory of conceptual blending was brought to prominence by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner in The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Minds Hidden Complexities (Basic Books, 2002). Fauconnier and Turner define conceptual blending as a deep cognitive activity that makes new meanings out of old. Examples and Observations Conceptual Blending Theory assumes that meaning construction involves the selective integration or blending of conceptual elements and employs the theoretical construct of conceptual integration networks to account for this process. For example, the process of understanding the sentence In the end, VHS delivered a knock-out punch to Betamax would involve a basic network consisting of four mental spaces . . .. This includes two input spaces (one relating to boxing and another to the competition between rival video formats in the 1970s and 1980s). A generic space represents what is common to the two input spaces. Elements from the input spaces are mapped to each other and projected selectively into the blended space, to derive an integrated conceptualization where the video formats are seen as being engaged in a boxing match, which VHS eventually wins.Blending Theory can be seen as a development of Mental Space Theory, and it is also influenced by Conceptual Metaphor Theory. However, u nlike the latter, Blending Theory focuses specifically on the dynamic construction of meaning.(M. Lynne Murphy and Anu Koskela, Key Terms in Semantics. Continuum, 2010) To monitor public opinion, and to sway it, Time Warner had, in November, launched a campaign called Roll Over or Get Tough, which asked customers to visit a Web site of the same name and vote on whether Time Warner should give in to their demand for massive price increases or keep holding the line. Eight hundred thousand people had done so. (Ninety-five percent of them thought that Time Warner should Get Tough.)Mark Turner, a professor of cognitive science at Case Western Reserve, explained that Time Warner’s use of the forced-choice device was wise from the standpoint of behavioral economics. In order to make choices, people need their options narrowed in advance.Turner saw other cognitive precepts at work in the Roll Over campaign. He explained, The purpose of the ad is to try to get you off your duff and realize, Hey, the situation around me is changing, and I better take action. And the campaign’s militaristic echoes, You’re either with us or against us, inco rporated, Turner said, a technique called blending, in which a rhetorician exploits what is already in people’s minds. Everybody’s got terrorism on the brain, so if you can have a little hint of that issue in your advertising about cable service: great!, he said.(Lauren Collins, King Kong vs. Godzilla. The New Yorker, January 11, 2010) [B]lending theory can address the meaning of construction in metaphorical expressions that do not employ conventionalized mapping schemes. For example, the italicized portion of this excerpt from an interview with philosopher Daniel Dennet involves a metaphorical blend, Theres not a thing thats magical about the computer. One of the most brilliant things about a computer is that theres nothing up its sleeve, (Edge 94, November 19, 2001). The input domains here are Computers and Magicians, and the blend involves a hybrid model in which the computer is a magician. However, the connection between these two domains arises purely from the context of this example, as there is no conventional COMPUTERS ARE MAGICIANS mapping in English.(Seana Coulson, Conceptual Blending in Thought, Rhetoric, and Ideology. Cognitive Linguistics: Current Applications And Future Perspectives, ed. by Gitte Kristiansen, Michel Achard, Renà © Dirven, and Francisco J. Ruiz de Mendoza Ibà ±ez. Mouton de Gruyter, 2006) Blending Theory and Conceptual Metaphor Theory Similarly to conceptual metaphor theory, blending theory elucidates structural and regular principles of human cognition as well as pragmatic phenomena. However, there are also some noteworthy differences between the two theories. While blending theory has always been more oriented toward real-life examples, conceptual metaphor theory had to come of age before it was put to the test with data-driven approaches. A further difference between the two theories is that blending theory focuses more on the decoding of creative examples, whereas conceptual metaphor theory is well known for its interest in conventional examples and mappings, i.e. in what is stored in peoples minds. But again, the difference is one of degree and not an absolute one. Blending processes can be routinized and stored if their outcome proves to be useful on more than one occasion. And conceptual metaphor theory is able to explain and accommodate novel figurative linguistic expressions as long as they are compatible with the more general metaphorical makeup of the human mind. Another, perhaps somewhat less important difference lies in the fact that while from the start conceptual blending has pointed to the importance of metonymic construals and thinking for cognitive processes, the conceptual metaphor paradigm has long underestimated the role of metonymy.(Sandra Handl and Hans-Jà ¶rg Schmid, Introduction. Windows to the Mind: Metaphor, Metonymy, and Conceptual Blending. Mouton de Gruyter, 2011)

The Past Present and Future of Technology Inventory Control Essay

The Past Present and Future of Technology Inventory Control - Essay Example Technology evolved to the second generation, which included electronic computers for scientific and numerical calculations. These computers were now convenient, reliable and could store much information. Standard packages emerged for inventory control applications, making it easy to sort, analyze, and process data. The result was reduction in prices of goods and services leading to increased transactions and hence demanding more efficient and faster equipment. The third generation was online network databases that enabled online transaction processing (Gray 4). This era enabled a person to run many concurrent transactions and many users shared one database. Many programs developed in this era are still useful today in inventory control (Chief Supply Chain Officer Insights 13). The fourth generation inventory control devices were relational databases that enabled data definition, data navigation, and data manipulation (Gray 5). It enabled the capturing of inputs and outputs of merchandise to the user device. The programs in this generation are convenient even in today’s life for client server computing. The devices that followed emerged in the year 1995 and were multimedia databases that still exist in today’s life (Gray 6). In complex objects, the database made it possible to search, compare, and manipulate the data. This database could store and retrieve information and it made inventory control easy by adding on time and time interval data types. In the present, computer hardware has enabled the evolution of inventory control from manual and paper based processing to information search engines. The inventory control devices used in the present include barcode scanners to read every barcode in every item, mobile computers to capture data like the batch numbers and the inventory software for tracking the inventory sales

Fully discuss absortion and emission spectroscopy follows instruction Assignment

Fully discuss absortion and emission spectroscopy follows instruction below - Assignment Example The atomic emission spectrometer consists of four major components. These include the atomizer, the nebulizer, the Monchromator and the detector. Flame is used to atomize the sample so that the resultant atoms can interact with the radiation. Monchromator is used to discriminate wavelengths that do not conform to the requirements of the experiment. Detector is used to detect the emitted wavelengths. During experiment, five processes take place. The first three processes takes place simultaneously. These threes processes include the dissolvation, vaporization and atomization. They take place when the sample is introduced into the atomizer. Dissolvation is the process where the solvent sued to dissolve the sample is evaporated (Crouch & Skoog 63). The thermal heat energy from the atomizer forces the solvent, which is water, to evaporate instantly. Vaporization occurs when the resultant solid sample is vaporized into gases. Lastly, the atomization occurs when the resultant gases are broken down into atoms. All these takes place as a result of high thermal energy from the flame. Principally, both the atomic emission spectroscopy and the atomic absorption spectroscopy exhibit all these three steps. However, the fourth step is what differentiates the atomic emission spectroscopy from the atomic absorption spectroscopy. I atomic emission spectroscopy, the gaseous products obtained are excited to higher energy level. Excitation occurs when the electrons in the atoms gain energy and move to higher energy levels. However, the electrons cannot stay in the higher energy level indefinitely (Crouch & Skoog 71). This is because there is no constant energy to maintain them in the higher energy levels. Because of this, they are unstable. Consequently, to regain their stability, electrons would be forced to drop back to their original state called ground state. This process is called de-excitation. De-excitation is normally accompanied by several

Underground Economy Essay Example for Free

Underground Economy Essay Every year, economics becomes a hot-button issue for politicians and ordinary citizens across the country. Politicians stake their careers on promises of economic revitalization, and individuals grouse when the forecast for the national economy is less than inspiring. Most economists measure an economy’s health by a variety of factors, such as the Gross Domestic Product, tax returns, poverty rates, and unemployment rates (Koopmans 575). But how accurate are these numbers? And if they are not accurate, then is society receiving a truthful picture of the overall economy? Many scholars stimate that as much as twenty percent of the GDP goes unreported every year (Kacapyr 30-31). In addition, surveys confirm that up to 25 million Americans are leaving large portions of income out of their tax files (Bartlett, â€Å"Going Underground†). In fact, the IRS estimates that an astounding one trillion dollars of income is left out of tax documents every year (Speer 15). Many factors contribute to this disturbing trend, such as crime and questionable business practices. However, one hot-button issue in particular has emerged as a significant factor in underground economy activity. For Texans, illegal mmigration is a little-disputed reality. For the American economy, Texas is an undeniable omen of the devastating impact of the underground economy. The term bears many other names (including informal and shadow economy), and has been defined in numerous ways, including those economic activities that circumvent or evade . . . the tax code and â€Å"unmeasured economic activity† (Priest 2259). The last definition, in its simplicity, best defines the underground economy. When many people think of unreported earnings, they may picture traditional illegal activities such as drug smuggling, prostitution, and gambling. While such activities do comprise a large part of the underground economy, millions of ordinary and otherwise law-abiding citizens participate in the underground economy every day. A 1994 auditor’s report states that, â€Å"The underground economy is not all smugglers. It is hundreds of thousands of otherwise honest people who have withdrawn their consent to be governed, who have lost faith in government (Dawson 18). For example, general laborers who are paid ‘under the table’ are for the most part honest individuals that nevertheless make up the estimated ? of Americans who earn â€Å"unofficial income† each year (Bartlett, â€Å"Going Underground†). What are the reasons for this illicit activity, and what effect does the underground economy exert on the overall economy? One major aid to the underground economy according to most experts is tax laws. Supply-side economics holds that any changes in marginal tax rates will have an important effect on resource use (Gwartney and Stroup 114). In other words, the presence of taxes greatly impact the economic decisions of businesses and employers alike. A big benefit for underground employees is the absence of income tax and social security reductions. In the underground economy, gross income and net income are equal. Employers also avoid costly payroll taxes when they engage in underground activities (Sennholz, â€Å"The Underground Economy†). Data gathered from the Census Bureau seems to confirm the prominence of tax evasion. The group estimates a twenty-five percent non-response rate for questions relating to income (Speer 15-16). Further, a Federal Reserve study found that when the tax burden increased by ten percent, underground activity rose by up to three percent. Self-employment and small business tax rises are particularly linked to underground economic expansion (â€Å"Underground Dwellers,† National Review). Another important determinant of underground participation is unemployment. Numerous studies have found a positive correlation between unemployment and underground participation. Individuals (especially those supporting families) who cannot find a well-paying job often feel that they have no other choice but to work in whatever job becomes available. Such citizens may work underground while still accumulating welfare and unemployment checks (Bajada 281-284). Surveys of inner-cities suggest that a gap does exist between the income reported to social welfare agencies (an average of $10,000/year in one California study) and the â€Å"actual† income level disclosed in confidential questionnaires (an average rise of $5,000/year in the California study). (Speer 16) Illegal aliens represent one prominent group who benefit from underground activities. Immigrants from poorer countries such as Mexico can be illegally paid under the minimum wage and still accumulate earnings significantly higher than if they found work in their home country. Such arrangements benefit both the employees and the employer (who avoids paying minimum wage and benefits) financially (Schlosberg 45- 47). The ramifications of underground economies on the economic picture are enormous. As previously mentioned, statistical data used to calculate the health of an economy can become irreparably skewed by missing underground information. Poverty rates and unemployment rates are overestimated (Bajada 181), which can present an overly bleak forecast for a state’s or country’s future (as evidenced by the American Demographics Index of Well-Being) (Kacapyr 31). In addition, small businesses and firms lose income opportunities because they are reluctant to move businesses into areas hich are deemed (perhaps falsely) as â€Å"poor† (Speer 16), resulting in a loss of revenue for affected regions. In return, the lack of legitimate businesses only stimulates the underground economy. National and state savings rates are also underestimated, which may lead to faulty focus in social welfare programs (Justice and Ng, â€Å"The Underground Labor Force is Rising†). Since these anti-poverty programs make up more than 70% of public aid programs (Paglin 2254), then it is vitally important that the facts and figures which are used to support and implement such programs are as accurate as possible. The programs that do work will lose important funding, due to tax shortfalls (Anderberg, Balestrino, and Galmarini 651). Likewise, the increased burden on taxpayers can create lower morale amongst even more otherwise law- abiding individuals (Bajada 187). For example, when the federal government is forced to raise taxes in order to fulfill missing income taxes, more citizens will become involved in underground activities in order to replenish their own incomes (Gwartney and Stroup 115-116). And the cycle continues. In the world of economics, there are no easy answers. Texas has learned this hard esson first-hand as its own underground economy thrives, largely due to a booming population of illegal immigrants. According to estimates by the Pew Hispanic Center, Texas-based illegal immigrants account for roughly ten percent (1. 6 million out of 11 million) of the overall United States illegal citizen population. Most of these undocumented citizens have settled in seven populous regions, including Houston (Combs, â€Å"Undocumented Immigrants in Texas†). Researchers project that the population of Texas will comprise of over fifty percent Hispanics by the year 2030 (Johnson, â€Å"Texas 2025). Of these fifty percent, a majority will enter the growing workforce of undocumented workers. Many of these undocumented workers arrive from the most education- and poverty-stricken regions of Central America and Mexico (Johnson, â€Å"Texas 2025†). Therefore, most illegal citizens, desperate for secrecy and any money for their disadvantaged families, accept jobs for little income and virtually no benefits. Despite a 1980s state mandate that banned companies from employing undocumented workers (â€Å"The Costs of Illegal Immigration to Texans† 7), Texas continues to be a prolific workplace for illegal immigrants. In addition to its proximity to the Mexican border, the heavy tourism and farming present in the state makes the region an attractive draw for the surplus of service, construction, and field jobs that constitute most undocumented employment. What are the ultimate effects of Texas’ booming undocumented, underground economy? Since the state does not focus on income taxes, most tax losses result from the disadvantaged economic situation most illegal immigrants encounter. Less income itself means less spending and therefore less sales tax—taxes which generate a large portion of state revenues (Bartlett 12). The greatest costs to the state economy, however, are accrued in public assistance. Just as state laws sought to punish employers for hiring illegal immigrants, the United States Supreme Court struck a blow to Texas’ immigrant control efforts by ruling that children of undocumented citizens must be allowed entrance into the public education system. Since this 1982 ruling, the state has spent roughly $7085 dollars per year on each student (including each undocumented student). If reports by the Texas Education Agency are accurate, the annual cost of schooling undocumented students is 957 million dollars (Combs, â€Å"Undocumented Immigrants in Texas†), nearly one billion dollars per year. Healthcare represents another crucial cost of the underground economy. Since virtually all undocumented workers receive no health insurance, these individuals must rely on public health services when they do fall ill or get into accidents. In Texas, most of these services are readily available to anyone—regardless of citizenship status—due to the Indigent Healthcare and Treatment Act. Emergency care, treatment of infectious diseases, immunizations, women’s and children’s health services, and even mental and substance abuse programs can all be obtained by illegal immigrants. The Texas comptroller conducted a comprehensive study at the end of 2006 which highlighted the extreme cost of such services per year. By applying a formula which measured state expenditures against the estimated undocumented population, the comptroller found costs of three and a half million dollars annually in emergency medicine alone. Federally mandated assistance services such as Medicaid netted an additional 38 million dollar cost per year in relation to illegal immigrants. Overall, the comptroller put total healthcare costs based on underground activity at a conservative 58 million dollars. Most of these expenses fall onto local governments and businesses in the private sector, as does the estimated 130 million dollars in annual illegal immigrant incarcerations every year (Combs, â€Å"Undocumented Immigrants in Texas†). The impact of illegal immigration on small business entrepreneurs perhaps highlights the most lasting cost to Texas’ future. A prevalence of underground economic activity steals from and slowly strangles the economy that is ‘above the ground. ’ Consider the plight of one contractor, a man who already charges at rates drastically reduced from those of his competitors. Despite his willingness to adjust to the economic climate and the spirit of capitalism, this legal worker—who compensates all of his employees fully—recently received a dismissal from a potential client that has become all too common: â€Å"I have two other bids here that are half what you’re asking† (McHugh, â€Å"Notes from the Underground Economy†). Documented workers, already struggling in a struggling economy, must face even more obstacles simply because they expect a living wage. The government has done little to address this problem. By the turn of the century, fewer than 1000 employers nationwide were being held accountable for hiring illegal immigrants. If this lax approach to the problem continues, in the United States and in Texas in particular, the dire prediction of Texas State Representative Pete Gallego will transform into a grim reality: â€Å"By the year 2025, if we keep doing what were doing now, Texas will have the economy of a Third World country. †

Budget :: essays papers

Budget To pass a budget deal takes a lot of time and work. There are many factors involved in this long process. The President first has to propose a plan to balance the budget. He has to look at the Federal deficit and talk with Congress. Congress then will negotiate or compromise a plan of their own with the President. In early March, President Bill Clinton began to put together a plan to balance the budget. He then gave Congress the plan to look over. At this time, congress criticized the plan, saying it would cost the country a bigger Federal deficit. Over the past three months, Congressional Leaders and the Clinton Administration have been doing a lot of compromising and negotiating over a plan to balance the federal budget by the year 2002. Since the Federal deficit isn’t that large, it is helping them to come up with a deal a lot easier and quicker. Although the fact that there is a low Federal deficit, they are still meeting some major complications in approving a plan or even coming up with a plan that can be agreed on. In order to balance the budget by 2002, the government would have to cut spending on things that really couldn’t afford it. The schools of the country need repairing. By cutting on the spending of schools, deteriorating schools would not receive the proper funding to make the schools safe and sanitary. Another item that spending would be cut from is Medicare, Medicaid, and social security. This would mainly affect the elderly and the poor. By cutting spending on these items, the elderly and the poor would not receive that much medical coverage, which is vital to them. Another factor which isn’t being very helpful in the budget deal is tax cuts. Democrats and Republicans cannot agree on where to cut taxes from. Democratic Congressional Leaders feel that President Clinton is having "secret" meetings with Republican Congressional Leaders on the budget plan. They feel that the President isn’t telling them everything and that these meetings are being held "behind their backs". Some even say that President Clinton is acting more like a republican than a democrat. Some evidence of this is that the President is proposing tax cuts for businesses, or the wealthy. They say that "ordinary and low income people are suffering the most.

Does Language Shape Culture?

Csecsei Luca 12. IB Does language shape culture? Most questions of whether and how language shapes thought start with the simple observation that languages differ from one another. And a lot! Just look at the way people talk, they might say. Certainly, speakers of different languages must attend to strikingly different aspects of the world just so they can use their language properly. The word order can be completely different among languages. And also there are tenses in some languages that we do not have, use or do not know what it really means. Such as the subjunctive in spanish language. It is a tense which is the hardest to learn while learning spanish, because such a tense that has so many meanings does not exist nor in hungarian, neither in english. I had the chance to spend a year in the U. K. and i also to take spanish there, i experinced that to learn this tense is just as hard for the english as it was for me when I learned spanish in my previous school, which was a spanish-hungarian bilingual school. Culture is learned, but taught through the language. Language is never the entity which has been invented in isolation. It certainly has evolved gradually with the continuous development of a culture. A culture being a building made of different beliefs in supernatural, social behaviors, human emotions, or way of expressing feelings, the language has continually adapted accordingly to accommodate these identified notion and gesture of human activity. Finding a symbolism every time to register it in the language, thus contributing to its growth. A language has always been a weapon to express one's ideas and feelings. And the reason enough to make this weapon more efficient to handle one's need of expressing things with intended accuracy. It has been tuned-up with each new finding, getting honed up continually to get its flawless shape with developing culture. Culture is determined by the language it uses with a great extent. The first thing that comes to my mind is always slang. Language clearly shows where people belong, if someone speaks really mincing his words that shows he is educated nd nor grown up on the streets like most of the people who use slang words and developed a whole new language between them. We are all members of a social group and members of `society? as a whole. People interact in many ways and communication is just about the most common and among the most important. Whatever is meaningful to a group, from their everyday life to their traditions constitutes their very own culture and is generally respec ted by all group members. Language is only one of such items. For ethnic minority groups that may have a language of their own, their language is a cornerstone in their culture. Take a look at dialects anywhere int he world. It clearly shows different customs, not just in language or communication. There a lots of dialects in South-America, for instance. Spanish in Latinamerica differs a lot from nations to nations, or we can also say, from culture to culture. There are dialects also in our country, Hungary. And people on the north of the country speak in a different way, like pronounce sounds so much different. Use words and expressions that we do not use at all. They also have differently built, constructed and decorated houses, songs, tales and wear different clothes as their costume. Taken together I do think linguistic processes are obtrusive in most fundamental domains of thought, unconsciously shaping us from the nuts and bolts of observation and perception to major life decisions. Language is central to our experience of being human and is central to our beliefs, and the languages we speak profoundly shape our culture.

Imaginary Maps By Mahasweta Devi And Heart Of Darkness

The darkest of hearts is the most ignorant and tormented. The human capability of being evil and hateful is undeniable. As a species, humans can be selfish, vicious creatures. For these reasonings the theories of good and evil exist to separate humans into two sub groups of personalities. As it seems, everyone is capable of evil, and everyone is capable of good. In the novel Imaginary Maps by Mahasweta Devi and Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, the readers are thrust into colonized and post-colonization settings where indigenous groups are exploited for their resources and rejected for their cultures. Imaginary Maps author Mahasweta Devi is an outspoken activist on the care and treatment of natives in India. Imaginary Maps is a fascinating story which interconnects facts involving the treatment of natives and a fictitious plot and characters. Although a fiction, the story actively reviews the dos and don ts of being an activist. As well as a guideline, the book also gives insight i nto the divide between natives and what is considered â€Å"civilized† society. Imaginary Maps centers around journalist Puran as he delves into the tribal region of Pirtha and discovers the indigenous cultures and epidemic circumstances. Heart of Darkness is a classic novella following the protagonist, Marlow, as he journeys through the colonized Congo as a captain of a steam boat. Whilst on his journey, the reader gets a sense of the treatment and racism exhibited upon the native Congo people by