How to Solve Poverty

A’Leigha Jackson Period: 5/6 March 20, 2013 Social Inequalities on Gender Roles/Gender Inequalities Rural women suffer systematic discrimination in the access to resources needed for agricultural production and socio-economic development. Credit, extension, input and seed supply services usually address the needs of male household heads. Rural women are rarely consulted in development projects that may increase men's production and income, but add to their own workloads.When work burdens increase, girls are removed from school more often than boys, to help with farming and household tasks. Gender equality makes good economic and social sense. A gender role is the place you hold in a family, relationship or society as a whole because you are male or female. Typically, your gender role is action-oriented and focused on whether you work outside the home or play a nurturing role within the family Gender inequality is like for example people say that boys are better in sports than girls.I believe that is not true, girls are as good in sports as boys are. The audience in sports is more focused on the male species than the women. There is a high rate of people watching man sports than girl sports. In Basketball there is a NBA and there also is a WNBA but, many people watch the NBA instead of the WNBA because they are more appealed to the man basketball team. In Marriage the Gender role is a big part in marriage. In gay couples many people wonder who is playing the man and who is playing the guy.Gender inequalities spring from the soil of male dominated societies in which women, to a greater or lesser extent, are seen as second class. Gender inequalities are also interwoven with class, race and religious structures. Gender inequalities range from reactionary notions of women’s abilities and their sexual availability to cultural and traditional views of femininity and women’s proper roles. From wolf whistles to rape, lack of education to unequal pay , women are paying the price.HIV positive women, including HIV positive young women, are paying the price many times over. Gender inequality goes hand in hand with HIV–related stigma and violence so HIV positive women face a double dose of discrimination. Another on is equal pay for equal work is one of the areas where gender equality is rarely seen. All too often women are paid less than men for doing the same thing. In Conclusion, in Gender Roles and Gender inequalities there are many things that people face in these areas today.

Cango Analysis

OVERVIEW: My initial observation is that CanGo is a company that has had some success so far. Liz and her company have many great ideas for the future of the company. However, they still need to create a mission statement to show what the company is trying to accomplish as well as what they are about. Liz was given an award, and just glossed over the story, because she had no idea how CanGo came to where they are. There was lack of planning, and didn’t even have a vision for her company. CanGo has identified a growing trend within the gaming industry that they want to use to bring them success, which is online gaming. They only problem is that they have taken on an area that is not within their normal range of business. Without looking at the challenges or risks, CanGo has jumped on board. SWOT: When looking into the SWOT analysis of the company. It is sad to say but the strength that I could come up with is luck. Due to the lack of planning, and many other areas, I am surprised CanGo has made the success that it has. Yes, CanGo does have some employees that know what they are doing, and did help contribute to that success. But overall I would say they had luck on their side. Unfortunately I have seen a wide array of weaknesses for the company. One of the biggest is communication. There isn’t any. When they had a meeting to discuss online gaming, there were never any decisions being discussed. It was, this is going to happen, hope you can deal type of situation, which leads to the strategic management of the company, or in this case lack thereof. The management of the company has no decision making processes, they just jump in head first without looking for the consequences or risks. Yes, there are benefits, but you need to check into things before making rash decisions. The company contains many levels of organization and a variety of people on their staff. Debbie seems to be the most knowledgeable and organized of the group. She is willing to help others, as well as do her own work. Nick on the other hand feels he is on top of everything and well organized. When in actuality is very far from it. Then there is Warren aka â€Å"Coach†. He has a direct approach when talking to his team members. However, gives very little guidelines. Another area that needs addressed is the work ethic of the employees, as well as giving assignments and tasks to qualified individuals. The entire project was basically put on Nick’s shoulders. He is not organized, and is not even prepared for this kind of work. RECOMMENDATIONS: The first recommendation we have for the CanGo Company is to develop a mission A professional development program would aid the CanGo staff in learning the strategic management process. This program would also aid in dealing with the dysfunction between the Operations Manager and the staff. Through study of the strategic management process, the Operations Manager would learn that moderately difficult goals are more likely to be met than impossible ones. His assignment for handling the entire online gaming project to one unorganized staff member, shows he needs this training. For example, Liz stated that their goal was to provide customers a one-stop shopping experience. Therefore, in a way stated one area of the mission for the company. Going into the entertainment service of online gaming is a step in the wrong direction, and would go against the mission statement. When giving out projects, make sure to assign it to the correct employee(s). Giving a project to the wrong employee can make or break the project, especially if they have poor organizational skills. The management also needs to follow through and give tasks to the correct person, but also give more direction. The Operations Manager needs to be more hands on. CanGo also announced an expected 500% increase in orders during the holiday season. Instead of making the online project the most important aspect or project, they need to work on the increase and making sure every area is covered. The company’s success is not based on the online gaming. They made their success through their one-stop shopping site, and they need to deal with the number of challenges that they are being faced with dealing with that. It is has a higher priority as well as is more in line with their business goals for the company. I would recommend making Debbie the Operations Manager for this project. She is well organized, is able to help teach how to best prioritize, as well as brings everyone together. I think she would accomplish more, because she is able to identify the problem without much difficulty and creates specific goals for each person for their daily activities. Plus she shows things in diagrams, such as a Gantt chart, to let everyone know within the group what needs to be done and what is a priority. The final recommendation I would make is to have CanGo go through some communication changes. They need to make a clear communications path between everyone. If someone is overwhelmed or confused, they need to be able to ask questions. If they are going to take on a new project, make sure it is discussed. So you can find out all aspects, such as challenges, risks, etc. References Prentice-Hall, Inc. , 2002. Class Videos. CanGo Quicktime Videos Week 1. Retrieved on 05/07/09. Prentice-Hall, Inc. , 2002. Class Videos. CanGo Quicktime Videos Week 2. Retrieved on 05/07/09.

Analysis Of The History For Ikea Marketing Essay

Analysis Of The History For Ikea Marketing Essay IKEA was founded in 1943 by a Swedish entrepreneur Ingvar Kamprad when he was 17 years old. The name of IKEA is derived from the initial of its founder name Ingvar Kamprad, the farm Elmtaryd and home country Agunnardy where Ingvar Kamprad grew up. IKEA has developed rapidly and known as the largest home furnishing retailer (INTI). The corporate structure mainly divided into two parts which are operation and franchising. Operation covered the management of majority stores, design, purchasing, supply functions and manufacture of furniture, which manage by a private profit Dutch company, INGKA Holding. In 1982, Kamprad established Stichting Ingka Foundation, a non-profit foundation that control over INGKA Holding. Ingka Foundation chaired by Kamprad and five executive committees which included her wife. The IKEA trademark and concept is owned by separate Dutch firm, Inter IKEA Systems based in Luxembourg. Every IKEA stores pay 3% of sales to Inter IKEA as a franchise fees. IKEA consume rs are mainly distributed into four different geographic regions, Europe, America, Middle East and Asia. The vision of IKEA is to provide affordable solutions for better living and its mission statement is to offer low price furniture with stylish functional designs which everyone could afford. 2.2 Company Product and Services IKEA seized retailer chain that sells flat pack furniture, kitchen and bathroom accessories across the world. The furniture designed to be self assembled in order to reduce transportation cost. Besides, the company include traditional Swedish food restaurant in their stores, which serving Swedish meatballs, smoked salmon, lingo berry tarts and cream source. Moreover, thoughtful part of IKEA is many stores have play area for children named Smaland, where parents able to drop their children to playground while shopping and pick them up at another entrance. 2.3 Corporate and Current Business Strategies Globalization is the current trend for most of the companies nowadays. To gain market share in new entry countries especially Asia, IKEA corporate and business strategies determine its sustainability and competitive advantage among competitors in future. For example, IKEA globalization strategy in Asia country, China, comprise of joint venture, localization and pricing strategies. First of all, IKEA joint venture with local companies in China, due to one of the macro-environmental impact which was political policy of Chinese government in order to archive principal of equality and mutual benefits (INTI). Second, IKEA adapt localization strategy to suit local Chinese culture, for example, IKEA provide balcony section due to most of the Chinese population stay in apartment (INTI). Lastly, pricing strategy allow IKEA to compete against rivals, for example, IKEA cut cost for some goods like single-scat Ektorp armchair below standard price which is cheaper than it sold in United States. IKEA distinctive business and corporate level strategy have a llowed the company attains impressive growth 2.5 Current Strengths and Advantages The major strength and driving force that push IKEA expands aggressively is the value chain. Value chain is a tool used to identify value added into a business. Porter illustrates business value chain categories into two activities. The primary activities are directly related to creating and delivering products, while secondary activities are not directly involved in production process but could increase efficiency and effectiveness of business. IKEA modified the value chain to mobilize suppliers and customers assist in further add value to the system by convincing their customer perform the transport and assembly their flat pack products. ()

Fire Service Vehicle Accidents Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fire Service Vehicle Accidents - Research Paper Example The driver was unable to control the tanker and it run out of the road to the sideways. The sideways of the road were observed to have scanty grass cover, with sand and dirt that aligned along the edge of the road. When the tanker swerved out of the road into the sideways, the sand and the dirt lining caused it to skid. The driver tried to control it by taking it back to the road. This is when it overturned several times before it rested upside down on the road. The driver was thrown out of the tanker completely, a distance of 10 feet away while the other accompanying firefighter was moved halfway out of the tanker. The two firefighters died instantly on the scene of the accident. The tanker was observed to have been travelling at a speed of 50 Mph and none of the two firefighters riding in the tanker had a seat belt on (NIOSH, 11). There are policies that guide the field of firefighting in North Carolina, that were in place prior to the occurrence of the accident. It was required that the firefighters are 18 years of age and above, and the firefighter needed to complete a period of 90 days while still under probation of the fire service department. Furthermore, under the fire fighting policies of this State, any fire fighter should attend training in live fire, before they embark on participating in structure fire rescues (IAFC, 108). The firefighters are also required to attend a minimum of 36 hour training every year, in order to keep in touch and maintain the desired consistency and strength in fire fighting. The fire fighting department had adopted and put in place some Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), that the fire fighters needed to observe any time they were in the line of duty. The fire fighters needed to be in full fire fighting gear, in possession of communications equipment and to be putting on the self contained breathing apparatus (AIFC, 83). However, the Fire

Deities of Sexuality and Fertility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deities of Sexuality and Fertility - Essay Example She was meant to titillate and goad men to fight each other over her beauty. A certain element of carnal and sexual lust is associated with her and her sculpture shows her bare-chested, playing and fondling her breasts. Among her stories and practices was the prostitution ritual practiced in her temples. In the Roman temple on Acrocorinth, intercourse with the high priestess, after paying the required offerings, was the accepted method of worshipping Aphrodite (Walter, 1985). Demeter on the other hand nourished earth and called the earth mother or the Goddess of life, fertility and grain. She is portrayed as demure, mother like figure, fully clothed and with a staff in hand. Demeter has given corn and barley to mankind and the skill to till the land and make ti fertile. There is no symbolism of carnality or sexuality but only that of fertility and give rise to life. She has been portrayed with images of harvest, flowers and of life. She was the enemy of Aethon the famine god and put him in the stomach of Erysichthon. Demeter however was not demure but had a number of husbands such as Zeus from whom she obtained Persephone; Poseidon from whom she got Despoina and Arion and many others (Walter, 1985). Persephone was the daughter of Demeter and Zeus and was the consort of Hades.

Legionaires Disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legionaires Disease - Research Paper Example The laboratory tests of the patients suffering from legionnaire’s disease reveal liver dysfunction, renal dysfunction and electrolyte imbalance. Chest X-ray shows consolidation of portion of lungs. Ataxia, confusion and memory loss are also common signs of legionnaire’s disease. (Levinson 2008) Legionnaire’s disease is caused by a bacteria Legionella pneumophila. Legionella pneumophila is a gram negative, aerobic bacterium which is primarily a human attacking bacterium. Pontiac fever is also caused by legionella pneumophila in which no pneumonic symptoms are seen. Legionella pneumophila are found in aquatic bodies. Legionella pneumophila bacteria grows at temperatures between 25 ?C to 45 ?C. Legionella pneumophila takes two to ten days to cause legionnaires disease after attacking a person. Legionella pneumophila can also cause the inflammation of pericardium, haemodialysis fistula and infections of the skin. A Legionella pneumophila bacterium is usually transmit ted by inhaling aerosol or drinking water containing legionella pneumophila bacteria. Aerosol is a liquid droplet or solid particle which floats in gaseous medium. Water is evaporated in the form of small droplets which are unable to be seen by naked eye. If the water contains bacteria legionella pneumophila then the evaporated droplet will also contain the bacteria and if someone inhales the droplets then the person will get infected. When a person inhales the aerosol containing legionella pneumophila, the bacteria move towards the lungs but the cilia prevent their entry to the lungs. Smoking causes the injury to the cilia and makes this possible for the bacteria to enter the lungs. In patients who smoke it is easier for the bacteria to reach the lungs and attack the respiratory cells. The bacteria enter the cells in response to which the neutrophils and macrophages migrate towards the bacteria to destroy them. The macrophages engulf the bacteria but cannot destroy them and the bac teria start replication within the macrophages. The bacteria replicate in a quantity which makes the macrophage burst and the bacteria come out of the macrophage and attack a new macrophage. Legionella pneumophila does all this with the help of secretions. The legionella secrete different types of secretions. The chief secretions of legionella pneumophila are type IV secretion system and type II secretion system. Type IV secretion system is called icm (intracellular multiplication) or dot (defective organelle trafficking) which are required for intracellular growth of legionella in macrophages. It is for this reason that legionella pneumophila is also known as intracellular pathogen. Dot/icm secretion is the most important secretion of the legionella pneumophila which is necessary for legionella bacteria pathogenicity. Dot/icm secretion systems have different substrates like Ralf, LidA, LepA and LepB. The localization of ARF on phagosomes which contain legionella pneumophila require s the Ralf. LidA is required for the multiplication of bacteria within the macrophages; LepA and LepB cause the release of the legionella pneumophila from the macrophages after intracellular multiplication. The sources where the water contains legionella pneumophila bacteria are cooling towers, evaporative coolers, whirlpool spas, ice making machinery

Statement of purpose in Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Statement of purpose in Architecture - Essay Example It gave me an opportunity to think about what the meaning and values of architecture are and how architecture can affect not just a person, but an entire society. With five years of architectural study, research and practice, it helped me to establish a consciousness that kept me explaining, and questioning my surroundings. Though I was often confused, my studies inspired me to work through the many different changes in my living environment. It is a frustrated process because of the unknown and the fear of change. It is true that I was always been fettered and manipulated by some problems that were brought about by the change. People try to find a solution because there is a problem. However, the solution as part of the change can also bring many new problems and finally take us into a death loop. For example, what I learned from the structure class in the third year is what kind of relationship exists between the physical force and an architectural reaction been examined. Even though the physical force and the reaction influence each other, they integrate themselves into a co-work system so that they rely on each other and amplify their advantage. Also, when I drove around in Los Angeles with my mother, she kept asking me, â€Å"where is Los Angeles?† Is it because the highly developed infrastructure system alienate the emotion between people and cities? Although the process was frustrating and lowered my confidence, the results can always be inspirational. The undergraduate program flamed my passion in discovering architectural interpretations. Pursuing of a master’s degree in architecture will give me an excellent chance to explore further intricacies of architecture. With a Chinese international background, I always have a more diverse view to think and analyze the results that have been obtained. Through five years of architectural studies, I was very excited and happy to graduate

CIS 273 7,8,9 questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

CIS 273 7,8,9 questions - Assignment Example I choose it because of its ability to display multiple media sources of elements such as and . Events, properties and methods for the element are a definition of the document object model (DOM) by HTML5. C) For the case of the muted audio file, predictable problem would be a missing plugin solved through manual installation or the code on the web page works only with a specific browser such as Internet Explorer. B) Taking a travel site as an example, the element in HTML5 comes with several attributes. The control attribute adds controls like volume, pause, and play the audio files will be of significance when it comes to passing information and communication to tourists. The src attribute is a specification of the audio file’s URL. The autoplay attribute is a specification of playing the audio file automatically as soon as it is ready; after loading. The src attribute ensures the audio file is readily accessible, and the autoplay attribute saves time to play an audio file manually. A) The IE settings for shadow filter are not a match to other proprietary properties, and this is why even after the addition of the filter failure is an outcome. A solution to this is will be fiddling with the filter value settings until you find a matching solution. B) There is more freedom on mobile browsers than desktop browsers, and when it comes to mobile websites, an advantage is from the HTML5 and CSS3 support. The WebKit engine gives support to the latter hence the graphical elements still remain intact and in place; no elimination. A) The travel website in reference makes use of external script files by the use of the element and the use of conditional comments inside the document to validate usage for Internet Explorer 9. The head section contains the title that loads a display on the browser for the user with links to external script files. A) Attribute minimization applies to using an

Mission of United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mission of United States - Essay Example One of the first terms to observe, would be that of what's known as dollar diplomacy. The act of seeking to ensure the standing of a nation, through the utilization of monetary interests at home, as well as abroad. In recent years, many have sought to make the argument that, in the case of the United States, many jobs have been sold overseas as a means of ensuring stability between the American government and the rest of the international community. Such a practice would essentially be seen as the formation and continued maintenance of foreign policy, or diplomatic relations, through the strength of the monetary system of business. In terms of US President William Howard Taft, his policy would be described by author Emily S. Rosenberg. According to her, "Taft's approach, which he called "dollar diplomacy," was based on the theory that the growth of private economic ties internationally would increase both the strategic position and the economic prosperity of the United States," (Rose nberg, p. 58). In more direct terms, the philosophy of this particular type of diplomatic practice would have been formed based upon the assessment that, in order to achieve both economic, as well as national security means, it would be imperative for the United States to orchestrate their diplomacy in such a manner. Of the many leaders that would come to take command over the American public, one such individual would have been President Woodrow Wilson. There would remain those who, after viewing the historical record during the period of Wilson's era, would have felt that America would have taken less than a reactive response in regard to events transpiring in the world. According to author Walter A. McDougall, he would sum up the issue of Wilsonianism in the following manner, "Whether or not Wilsonianism was the message the world needed to hear after World War I, Woodrow Wilson was surely the wrong messenger-not because he was too religious, but because his religion was too personal, sanctimonious, gnostic," (McDougall, p. 145). The lasting effect of a chief executive's stance on the issues that come before them can be the underlying ingredients to the overall formation of their legacy. In Wilson's case, "Many historians would say that he was vindicated, since Wilson's Liberal Internationalis t tenets informed the foreign policies of every administration after him," (McDougall, p. 145). In the end, the 14 point plan created by Woodrow Wilson, would serve to shape the mission of the American society, in terms of how it viewed its role in political affairs both nationally, as well as overseas. For both Germany, as well as Japan, the events leading up to World War II and afterward, would be a decisive period for the United States, as it would come to approaching these two nations. As far as their engagement with Japan, "The anomaly of attempting to make Japan "law abiding" in the Western mode by pursuing occupation policies unprecedented in international law was rationalized by the argument that World War II had been a catastrophe

Analysis of the Effects of Modernism and Post-modernism on Management Practice Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the Effects of Modernism and Post-modernism on Management Practice Essay The concepts â€Å"modem† and â€Å"post-modern† have become common currency in intellectual debates regarding organizational theory. Within such debates, the postmodern is perceived as an epoch, a perspective, or an entirely new paradigm of thought (Callas 1999, p. 649). Such a conception of the aforementioned term stems from its rootedness in the conception of the modern. Chia (1995) notes that what distinguishes the postmodern from the modem is â€Å"a style of thinking which eschews the uncritical use of common organizational terms such as ‘organizations’, ‘individuals’, ‘environment’, ‘structure’, and ’culture’, etc† (p. 79). These terms refer to the existence of social entities and attributes within a modernist conception of organizational cultures. The rationale behind this lies in the ontological conception of being which privileges thinking in terms of discrete phenomenal states, static attributes and sequential events. As opposed to such an ontological conception of reality, the postmodern stands as the champion of weak forms of ontology that â€Å"emphasize a transient, ephemeral and emergent reality† (Chia 1995, p. 579). If such is the case, it thereby follows that a postmodernist perspective of reality adheres to thought styles wherein reality is deemed to be continuously in flux and transformation and hence unrepresentable thereby impossible to situate within a static conception of reality. Within the sphere of organizational management, an adoption of a post-modernist perspective of reality thereby leads to a rethinking of the modern conceptions of organizations since adherence to postmodernist perspectives lead to the de-emphasis on organizations, organizational forms and organizational attributes. Such a conception of reality, however tends to emphasize the importance of local forms of organizational methods, which collectively define a social reality. In a sense, the shift from a modern to a postmodern conception of organizations thereby leads to the re-definition of existing ontological conceptions of reality that determine the various forms of intellectual priorities as well as theoretical stipulations in the study and conception of organizations. In lieu of this, this paper’s will provide a contextualization of the implications of such perspectives within organizational structures. The analysis of such will be determined through the analysis of the effects of such perspectives in relation to management practices. An example of the application of the postmodernist perspectives within the field of organizational theory is evident in the Foucauldian analysis of human resource systems. Edward Baratt (2003) notes that a Foucauldian conception of organizational structures has enabled the formation of â€Å"a conceptual architecture and a method for exploring and problematizing Human Resource Management† (p. 084). Baratt notes, a Foucauldian conception of organizations has enabled the formation of conditions wherein all members of an organization may engage in â€Å"the practice of critical truth telling† (p. 1085). The importance of such may be fully understood if one considers its effects in relation to the two dominant paradigms that dictate Human Resource Management discourse: managerialist and critical evaluative positions. Jacques (1999) notes, â€Å"Managerialist and critical evaluative positions in binary opposition to each other constitute the main sites from which we can speak academically about HRM† (p. 200). The distinction between the two positions are evident if one considers that in one line of argument has been an emphasis on the production of an enterprising subject dependent on practices designed to engage an employee’s psyche. The possibility of such lies in the formation of managerial practices that opt for the continuous subjectification of the subject [in this sense the employee]. Within such managerial practices, the subject is placed within various forms of practices of subjectification that leads to the development of different form of competencies that further lead to the continuous embeddedness of the subject within the organization. The difficulty within such a managerial method lies in its creation of a fabricated subject. The pragmatic aspect involved within such a method, however, may be traced to its ability to create productive subjects [productive employees]. As opposed to such a totalizing form of managerial methodologies, alternative arguments [of the postmodernist kind] emphasize the possibility of enabling the co-existence and interrelationships between human resource technologies of the self and other disciplinary practices specifically those situated within the grounds of technological and accounting controls (Baratt 2003, p. 1084). A popular theme of such methodologies gives emphasis on the intensification and sophistication of surveillance and control method [through technological and accounting measures]. Within these method, management methods are thereby perceived as enabling the formation that determine the relationships within the workplace by taking control of indeterminate relationships [amongst the members of the workplace] through the imposition of increase surveillance methods that â€Å"impose order on the inherently undecidables† conditions of the workplace. Such a methodology thereby adheres to a postmodernist conception of human relations and social reality as it opts to clarify the indeterminate variables within organizations through the use of effective instruments for the formation and accumulation of knowledge-methods of observation, techniques of registration, procedures for investigation and research, apparatuses of control (Foucault 1980, p. 102). Within such a scheme, the function of management systems [and hence of managers] lies in ensuring the maintenance of â€Å"the precarious local orchestration of material, technical and social relationships which give rise to relatively stabilized configurations† (Chia 1995, p. 601). The heads of the management of organizations, in this sense, are thereby tasked with ensuring the implementation as well as the continuous development of more efficient production practices within the surveillance scheme of management systems. Analytic evaluation schemes used in forming job evaluations will thereby be created so as to ensure the ordering of a population. Managerial positions, in this sense, may be seen as the roles that enable the implementation of the surveillance scheme that enables the continuous effectiveness of a human resource management system. In summary, the effects of the tenets of both modernism and postmodernism are evident within the workplace [or within organizational theories of management and hence management itself] as they influence the historical means of constructing the relations within the workplace. The modernist conception, which perceives reality as bound by static relations, failed to account for the indeterminate variables resulting from the complexity of power relations within the workplace. Such a complexity, however, was accounted for by a postmodernist perspective of organizations due to its recognition of the fluidity of social relations as a result of their embeddedness within the discourse of power and knowledge that define the conditions within any sphere [in this context the public sphere]. Within the field of Human Resource Management, the construction of knowledge operates through rules of classification, ordering, and distribution evident in the definitions of activities and the formation of rules of procedure, which determines a particular institution’s management discourse. The importance of postmodernist perspectives lies in its promise of the possibility of autonomy within such a predefined and hence rigid sphere. The possibility, in this sense, may be attained through enabling the co-existence and interrelationships between human resource technologies of the self and other disciplinary methods. In line with the postmodernist [specifically Foucauldian discourse], the postmodernist has thereby enabled the development of Human Resource Systems and hence Management systems that enable the formation of an understanding regarding the means in which various individuals may be formulated so as to create a system which allows the creation of objectivity amidst the grounds of subjective wills.

Tourism Policies and Plans in Turkey

Tourism Policies and Plans in Turkey Introduction The Republic of Turkey is situated on the borders where Asia and Europe meet, quite literally in the centre of the world. Throughout history, from the times of the Byzantine Dynasty through Alexanders Invasion and the Ottoman Empire, the present land of Turkey has been the home to many cultures. But Turkey has a lot more to offer than just different cultures. They have on offer beautiful landscapes, quality beaches and enough world history to satisfy a historian. With its wide plethora of natural and cultural assets, Turkey should be among the top most popular destinations. In 2014, at the height of Turkeys popularity, 42 million foreign tourists visited Turkey awarding them the rank of 6th most visited global destination that year, with many tourists traveling for their culture, spa and healthcare tourism. (UNWTO, 2015) But the numbers have gradually declined since then caused by political tensions, terrorist attacks, negative political image etc. All tourism related planning, strategies and actions are headed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. This department has been tasked with the protection and perseverance of Turkish culture and the administration of all tourism related activities in Turkey. For Turkey as a destination, it is this Ministry of Culture and Tourism that is designated with the title of Destination Management Organisation. The World Tourism Organisation (2007) defines a Destination Management Organization (DMO) as a body or organisation that is responsible for the co-ordinated management of all the elements that make up a destination like attractions, accessibility, marketing, human resources, brand, etc. These organisations are ultimately responsible for the planning, management and execution of all plans and policies, which have been decided or implemented in order to achieve their short term and long term goals for that destination.(Esmeralda Eleina, 2013) This paper aims at reviewing and critically analysing the tourism plans and policies of Turkey in place until 2023 within the parameters of branding, vision and monitoring and evaluation as detailed in their tourism plan titled Tourism Strategy of Turkey 2023 (2013) which was planned and will be executed by their DMO, The Ministry of Culture and Tourism and to gauge its effectiveness in turning Turkey into a competitive and sustainable destination. Literature Review DMOs are vital in developing and implementing tourism policies for the creation and maintenance of a sustainable and competitive destination. J.R. Brent Ritchie and Geoffrey I. Crouch (2003) explain tourism policy as a set of rules, directives, guidelines, strategies and the framework for tourism development. Vision James Tallant (2009) describes a vision as the state of an organisation in the future after it achieves its mission. J. R. Brent Ritchie (1999) detail that a critical early stage in the strategic planning by any DMO is the inception of a destination vision. Charles R. Goeldner (2008) explains that a good vision defines what the DMO aims to accomplish in a certain given time period using language to inspire members, staff and stakeholders to actively contribute in the attainment of that goal. He elucidates that a vision may describe on how things may be different because of the DMO and how the DMO would wish to be perceived by others. Sooskan Kantabutra and Gayle C. Avery (2010) details that any good vision would incorporate the following elements: Should be conveyed in a dramatic fashion to inspire and motivate Should enhance the development of a new product/service that in turn aids in the further development of other existing products/services. Should aspire to serve customers through a defined product portfolio that has been designed by the DMO and ensure the quality as well. Should be responsive to customer needs. Should ensure the sustainable growth of the destination for the benefit of its stakeholders Branding According to J.R. Brent Ritchie and Robin J.B. Ritchie (1998), branding should encapsulate either a name, symbol, or logo that identifies and differentiates a destination from others.   It must be unique, and reinforce the positive experiences of the destination. For a destination, a brand bridges the gap between its given assets and the perceptions of potential visitors (Morgan, Pritchard, Piggott, 2002). Qu (2011) states that destination brands serve two main functions; identification and differentiation. As with singular product brands, a destination brand is also made up of the components of awareness and image. Like before, brand awareness is considered a pre-requisite to any other brand dimensions (Konecnik Gartner, 2007). Without some level of awareness, the consumer cannot have perceptions on the destinations image, quality, etc. The elements of a good destination brand are as follows: It should be unique, identifiable and recognisable It should use pleasing aesthetics to appeal to the target market and enhance recognition and emotional response. It should be culturally relevant. It must stand the test of time It should be easily reproduced across multiple media formats like print, online, billboards, etc. (Morgan, Pritchard, Pride, 2007) (Hankinson, 2005) Monitoring and Evaluating Much attention has been directed to the implementation of tourism strategies. Pressman and Wildavsky (1973) state that with the increased attention to policy implementation since the 1970s, the interest in policy evaluation has also proportionally increased. By incorporating monitoring and evaluation at the very beginning of policy formulation, the type of information and indicators required can be specified in advance of the implementation of the tourism policy. (Hall Jenkins, 1995) The long term sustainability and competitiveness of a destination is directly linked to its ability to adapt to and evolve with fluid market conditions. Monitoring and evaluating is important in identifying future opportunities and challenges for the destination to improve performance and sustainability over time. (Sr., Allen, Swanson, Smith, 2008) Research has shown that effective monitoring and evaluation should comprise of the following: Possess key performance indicators that were developed and agreed upon during the conceptualisation stages of the policy Possess a regular performance monitoring review process Identify relevant performance monitoring tools, methods and certification options to assist in monitoring and evaluating performance Consider the economic, environmental and social impacts on the destination and stakeholders Measure sustainability and competitiveness over time against agreed industry benchmarks Identify strategies for continual improvement to achieve best goals Communicate and report on performance achievements with stakeholders, including customers Identify strategies to leverage performance achievements with funding agencies, suppliers and statutory bodies. (Miller Twining-Ward, 2005) (Rio Nunes, 2012) Policy Review In this section, the parameters of Vision, Branding and Monitoring and Evaluation of the Tourism Strategy of Turkey-2023 will be critically analysed using the literature discussed as parameters, as well as the need to be sustainable and competitive in the world destination market Vision: The vision for Turkey that has been decided by the DMO, The Ministry of Culture and Tourism, in their tourism plan (2013) on page 4 is as follows; With the adoption of sustainable tourism approach, tourism and travel industry will be brought to a leading position for leveraging rates of employment and regional development and it will be ensured that Turkey becomes a world brand in tourism and a major destination in the list of the top five countries receiving the highest number of tourist and highest tourism revenues by 2023. On reading and analysing the vision statement, the primary inference that can be drawn is that the vision statement is not very articulate with problems caused by its length and its business style tone and hindered by the unnecessary use of certain language. As Kantabutra and Avery (2010) explained, a vision should be conveyed in dramatic fashion in order to inspire and motivate, which clearly the DMO has failed in achieving. A simpler concise version with motivational and inspirational themes would have fared much better. But where The Ministry of Culture and Tourisms vision succeeds is in its detailing of the goals regarding its market position and the goals the DMO aims to accomplish for the region and citizens by the year 2023 in lieu with the ideas put forward by Goeldner (2008),Tallant (2009) and Ritchie (1999). On cross examining the vision statement of Turkey with the necessary elements for a vision as put forward by Kantabutra and Avery (2010), the vision decided by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism contains only a singular element, that being the one regarding sustainable growth of the destination for the benefit of the stakeholders. But even in this case not all stakeholders have been represented, especially the most important one, the tourists. To conclude the critical analysis of the Vision for Turkey set forth by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, one can say empirically that it is not an effective one on multiple fronts. Branding The branding strategy for Turkey which has been designed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in the tourism policy mentioned on page 34 of the same is to Manage the branding of cities rich of cultural and natural heritage and thereby convert them into a point of attraction for travellers. Istanbul along with cities like Ankara, Izmir and Antalya are focussed upon in their city travel project, with aims to make them popular destinations among the tourists. Istanbul is being given more preference as it was designated the Cultural Capital of Europe for the year 2010 which would force the strengthening of its cultural, artistic, urban as well as the environmental qualities of Istanbul. As per J.R Brent Ritchie and Robin J.B Ritchie (1998), branding must be able to encapsulate either a name, symbol or logo which would help Turkey to be differentiated from other tourist destinations. The process calls for Turkey to restore its uniqueness which would be a plus factor in order to attract more travellers to the country and facilitate more options for the domestic as well as international tourists who arrive. After going through Turkeys objectives towards branding of its cities, it is easily understood that the objectives designed by the DMO is able to cover up major areas which would establish Turkey as a hotspot in the tourism sector in the coming years in accordance to their vision for its cities. The only negative part to draw out of this is that the objectives seems a little too ambitious for the time frame it has got. This could be risky if the plans are not executed properly on time and deadlines not being met. The tourism plan put forth by the Ministry of Tourism and Culture clearly aims at improving the brands of all the individual destinations within Turkey with them end goal that this strategy will reap benefits to the overall brand of Turkey. By focussing on improving the brands of the local destinations, the DMO aims to not only generate a unique niche identity for the country but also to differentiate the experience on offer from the other similar destinations. (Qu, Kim, Hyunjung, 2011) By implementing a strategy to improve on destination attractions, accessibility, infrastructure, superstructure, etc. the Ministry of Culture and Tourism have taken a page out of Konecnik and Gartners (2007) ideas of improving destination image by improving destination quality. But the fact remains that the Ministry of Culture and Tourism is still under the process of building a brand. In this day and age it makes sense to understand ones assets as well as the market segmentation before committing to the release of a brand, because that brand should stand the test of time, which is the only barometer to gauge its success. (Morgan, Pritchard, Pride, 2007; Hankinson, 2005) To summarise the critical analysis of Turkeys branding, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism has just begun taking the ground level steps to develop a timeless brand for the country. The strategies employed will assist in not only the task of developing a brand for the country but helps in the building a unique destination that will remain competitive and sustainable. Monitoring and Evaluation: Credit should be given to The Ministry of Culture and Tourism for understanding the importance of monitoring and evaluating the performance indicators in Turkeys tourism system. But the Tourism Strategy of Turkey does not elucidate on the key performance indicators that will be monitored, nor the monitoring review process, tools, methods or certification options that will assist in the monitoring and evaluation performance. The reason for this is because the Ministry of Culture and Tourism has just implemented this facet to the tourism strategy for Turkey. With their new ideology of sustainable tourism as mentioned in their vision and their reinvigorated approach to branding, there are a lot of fluid elements in the Tourism System of Turkey. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism have decided to form two new bodies to aid in the task of identifying, monitoring and evaluating the key performance indicators of tourism in Turkey, The National Tourism Database Repository and The National Tourism Certification Service. The National Tourism Database Repository will be tasked with collecting and organising the data transmitted by the various public and private sector entities. After analysis the repository will submit its conclusions and opinions to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the National Tourism Council. On reflecting upon the data and inference received, the DMO will decide the key performance indicators and the monitoring review process. The National Tourism Service will then provide methods to implement amendments into the tourism strategy accordingly. To summarise the critical analysis of the Monitoring and Evaluation element of Turkeys tourism strategy, one can easily understand that the steps taken are the ground level steps to setup a system and framework that will help enable the various tourism bodies to actively monitor and evaluate the tourism system and make real time changes that will bring about the most effective and sustainable outcome. The only negative that can said about the monitoring and evaluation strategy is that the DMO has not declared time frames for the formation of the new regulatory bodies nor a target date when they hope the new monitoring review process will commence Conclusion After researching valid literature, ideas and viewpoints of many scholars, authors, researchers, etc. within the context of Vision, Branding and Monitoring and Evaluation and applying them to the Tourism Strategy of Turkey which has been compiled by Turkeys Destination Management Organisation, The Ministry of Culture and Tourism, we can arrive at the following conclusions. There are a number of issues with their Vision, predominantly the inarticulateness and word flow of the text. The Vision fails to inspire, motivate or fill one with hopefulness. Where it succeeds is that it details their commitment to sustainable tourism, their labour market and what position they will strive to achieve in the global tourism market by 2023. The element of Branding in Turkeys Tourism Strategy is more of an action plan to develop the individual brands of local destinations, with the long term goal of developing a timeless national brand that will help tourists to identify and differentiate Turkey as a niche tourist destination. But with their approach to sustainable tourism, the strategy of branding individual destinations to promote assets of the same destinations seems contradictory. Similarly, the Monitoring and Evaluation facet of Turkeys Tourism Strategy is also a plan to setup the ground level protocol and infrastructure that will aid in the identification, monitoring and evaluating the key performance indicators of Turkeys Tourism Systems. Furthermore, entities whose purpose is to help with the amendment and improvement of all tourism based activities, decision making and legislation have also been conceptualised. To summarise, the Tourism Strategy of Turkey-2023, is in essence a weak tourism strategy. The vision statement disappointing on multiple fronts, no national brand and the lack of a monitoring and evaluating framework is evidence of the same. But with that being said, there are some positives like their listing of certain specific goals regarding market placement and their product differentiation. References Esmeralda, S., Eleina, Q. (2013). Role of Destination Management Organization in Developing Sustainable Tourism in Korà §a Region. (Young Scientist Journal), 93-96. Goeldner, C. R. (2008). TOURISM: Principles, Practices, Philosophies; ISBN 9780470084595. Wiley. Hall, C. M., Jenkins, J. M. (1995). Tourism and Public Policy, ISBN: 1-86152-998-8. Cornwall, U.K.: Routledge. Hankinson, G. (2005). Destination brand images: a business tourism perspective. Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 19 Iss: 1, 24 32. Kantabutra, S., Avery, G. C. (2010). The power of vision: statements that resonate. Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 31 Iss: 1, 37-45. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02756661011012769 Konecnik, M., Gartner, a. W. (2007). Customer-Based Brand Equity for a Destination. Annals of Tourism Research, 34, 400-421. Miller, G., Twining-Ward, L. (2005). Monitoring for a Sustainable Tourism Transition: The Challenge of Developing and Using Indicators, ISBN: 0-85199-051-7. Oxfordshire, U.K.: CABI Publishing. Ministry of Culture and Tourism. (2013). Tourism Strategy of Turkey 2023, ISBN 978-975-17-3281-1. Ankara, Turkey: T.R. Ministry of Culture and Tourism Publications. Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., Piggott, a. R. (2002). New Zealand, 100% Pure. The Creation of a Powerful Niche Destination Brand. Brand Management, 335-354. Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., Pride, R. (2007). Destination Branding; ISBN : 0750649941. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. Pressman, J. L., Wildavsky, A. (1973). Implementation, ISBN: 9780520053311. Oakland, U.S.A.: University of California Press. Qu, H., Kim, L. I., Hyunjung, H. (2011). A Model of Destination Branding: Integrating the Concepts of the Branding and Destination Image. Tourism Management, 32, 465-476. Rio, D., Nunes, L. (2012). Monitoring and Evaluation Tool for Tourism Destinations. Tourism Management Perspectives, Volume 4, 64-66. Ritchie, J. B. (1998). THE BRANDING OF TOURISM DESTINATIONS PAST ACHIEVEMENTS FUTURE CHALLENGES. Annual Congress of the International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism. Marrakech, Morocco. Ritchie, J. B. (1999, June). Crafting a value-driven vision for a national tourism treasure. Tourism Management, pp. 273-282. Ritchie, J. B., Crouch, G. I. (2003). The Competitive Destination: A Sustainable Tourism Perspective; ISBN: 085199847X, 9780851998473; . CABI Pub. Sr., D. E., Allen, M. D., Swanson, J., Smith, G. (2008). Tourism Policy and Planning, ISBN: 978-0-7506-8557-3. London: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. Tallant, J. (2009). Importance of Vision, Mission, and Values in Strategic Direction. Business Economics Journal, 3. UNWTO. (2007). A Practical Guide to Tourism Destination Management, ISBN: 978-92-844-1243-3, . Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Organization. UNWTO. (2015). UNWTO World Tourism Highlights. Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Organisation Publications, DOI : 9789284416899.

What employers are looking for in a job applicant? :: essays research papers

What employers are looking for in a job applicant? Finding a job, whether it is the first, a return to work after years at home, or just another step in the career, is never easy. Most job seekers have a distorted sense of an employer’s priorities in making hiring decisions. Too many applicants put the emphasis on educational credentials and ignore the qualities employers seek with the keenest interest. What do employers look for in job candidates? What impresses them the most? Knowing what an employer wants and expects in job applicants can help them to prepare themselves for the interview. Experienced interviewers typically value maturity and stability. The way an applicant relates to the interviewer and the way he handles interview questions, follow-up calls and call-backs presents opportunities for an employer to observe and evaluate these subtle but critically important qualities. They can not be taught and there is no substitute. Loyalty is another very important quality an employer is looking for. Even loyal people switch jobs from time to time. But the people who do that once a year for no compelling reason lack loyalty to the companies that took chance in hiring them. Sure, exceptional circumstances warrant quick job switches, but a pattern of short stints is a dead gateway of a lack of loyalty. Employers simply can not afford to invest valuable training time, resources and compensation on workers who routinely stay less than two years. How an employee grooms and dresses is an excellent indication of his level of self-respect and respect for a professional business environment. Employers are humans, they would rather work with clean, neatly-dressed people than with slobs. Diligence and reliability are the qualities that hardly need explanation. Telltale signs include arriving on time for the interview, calling at the promised time or day, conscientiously following up in providing promised information. Employers need people who demonstrate enthusiasm and energy. They look for people who are willing to take the initiative to perform their job. If an employer feels that he will be constantly telling an employee to do something, he will likely not hire an applicant. Another reason for why an employer let an employee go is because the worker does not get along with others. Creativity is very important to most employers, because in business situations with customers, employees often have to respond to sudden changes and unfamiliar problems.

Rural to urban Migration in Brazil :: essays research papers

Brazil Investigation ? Challenges Of An LEDC Brazil is the largest and most populace country in South America, and fifth largest in the world in both area and population. Spanning a vast area between central South America and the Atlantic Ocean. Rural To Urban Migration Brazil?s economic development creates wealth like any other country, but due to many different reasons its development has mainly taken place in the Southeast of the country. For example,  · Main ports and air ports are situated in this area making exporting goods easy  · Has the right climate and land that is needed to grow coffee, which is Brazils main export  · It has many mineral resources in the rocks on the coast i.e. iron ore  · It has fast flowing rivers which are a good source of cheap hydro electric power  · It has the best roads and railways in Brazil, making travelling easy. This area is known as the Golden Triangle. At the edges of this triangle there are three major cities, Belo Hoeizante, Rio de Janeiro and Sau Paulo. These are the main ?Favoured? locations for industrial development, normally called the core. People are moving to this part of Brazil because of many reasons, the main one being the jobs at the ports and in the factories or industry, these being mainly secondary (manufacturing) and tertiary (service) sectors. But also it has the best standard of living and the best transport links. Some people live in the skyscrapers with maids, if the earn enough, but if they don?t, then their families have to live in favelas. These are like wooden houses with no main water or electricity. In most countries, the level of wealth decreases with distance from the core. The poorest regions are usually found towards the periphery of the country. The periphery is the area around the core that has not benefited form the economic growth, and development. Most of the wealth is in the centre of Sau Paulo. But the economic development is uneven, as round the edges of Sau Paulo it is a very big contrast. The families are large so all the children can go out and earn money for the family, which is leading to overcrowding and a high birth rate.

The True Love Between Viola and Orsino, as Compared to Other Relationships in Shakespeares Twelfth Night :: Literary Analysis, Analytical Essay

In Twelfth Night the relationships are anything but romantic. Shakespeare writes from the male point of view which implies an un-easy split between love and physical charm. In Twelfth night the romance is falsely produced by selfish desire. Duke Orsino and Viola stand out from the other relationships. By questioning the relationships between the other couples, Shakespeare highlights the true love between Viola and Orsino and the fake relationship of Malvolio and Olivia which is truly based on Malvolio’s desire of a higher status , despite his status and his personality , Malvolio tries to impress Olivia by dressing up in ridiculous clothes , which does far from his aim , and repulses Olivia. Twelfth Night consists of a large number of love triangles, however many characters are too indulged in love that they are blind to the untrue, and the weakness of their relationship, they are deceived by themselves and many people around them ( ex. Malvolio is tricked by Sir Andrew, Feste ,Sir Toby and Maria),but there are certain incidents where the love is true and two characters feel very strongly about one another. In the play, Viola and Orsino have the most significant relationship. The way they interact with each other causes the complexity on which the play is all about, their relationship turns from strangers to friends then lovers .In the First Act Viola is not honest with Orsino because she disguises herself as a male servant named Cesario in order to get closer to the duke. Orsino. Orsino quickly trusts Cesario and sends him to Olivia to declare Orsinos Love for her, the girl he most dearly loves. This quick bond is the fast example of their relationship. At the beginning of the play, Viola thinks her brother (Sebastian) is dead (after they’re deadly boat crash, where they get separated) when actually he is alive and thinks she is dead, Viola always seems to have a part missing from her which shows her bond with Sebastian is strong, and a part of her but in a brotherly/sisterly way rather than a proper relationship like viola and orsino, At the end of the play they meet and both fall in love , Viola with Orsino and Sebastian with Olivia. The True Love Between Viola and Orsino, as Compared to Other Relationships in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night :: Literary Analysis, Analytical Essay In Twelfth Night the relationships are anything but romantic. Shakespeare writes from the male point of view which implies an un-easy split between love and physical charm. In Twelfth night the romance is falsely produced by selfish desire. Duke Orsino and Viola stand out from the other relationships. By questioning the relationships between the other couples, Shakespeare highlights the true love between Viola and Orsino and the fake relationship of Malvolio and Olivia which is truly based on Malvolio’s desire of a higher status , despite his status and his personality , Malvolio tries to impress Olivia by dressing up in ridiculous clothes , which does far from his aim , and repulses Olivia. Twelfth Night consists of a large number of love triangles, however many characters are too indulged in love that they are blind to the untrue, and the weakness of their relationship, they are deceived by themselves and many people around them ( ex. Malvolio is tricked by Sir Andrew, Feste ,Sir Toby and Maria),but there are certain incidents where the love is true and two characters feel very strongly about one another. In the play, Viola and Orsino have the most significant relationship. The way they interact with each other causes the complexity on which the play is all about, their relationship turns from strangers to friends then lovers .In the First Act Viola is not honest with Orsino because she disguises herself as a male servant named Cesario in order to get closer to the duke. Orsino. Orsino quickly trusts Cesario and sends him to Olivia to declare Orsinos Love for her, the girl he most dearly loves. This quick bond is the fast example of their relationship. At the beginning of the play, Viola thinks her brother (Sebastian) is dead (after they’re deadly boat crash, where they get separated) when actually he is alive and thinks she is dead, Viola always seems to have a part missing from her which shows her bond with Sebastian is strong, and a part of her but in a brotherly/sisterly way rather than a proper relationship like viola and orsino, At the end of the play they meet and both fall in love , Viola with Orsino and Sebastian with Olivia.

Effects of Agriculture Essay

The evolution of man through agriculture was expressed thoroughly by Jared Diamond in his article. The transition from a Neolithic way of living to a Paleolithic way of life had many negative effects. Having people settling down to build organized cities and companies meant there would be social inequalities. Women were usually the first targets to social inequality. Having people stay in one area and having them live together in villages created the uprising of epidemic diseases that created a widespread of death in communities. During this time growing their own food did not ensure that they would eat. Farmers that had failing crops would lead to starvation for their families. The change from nomads to farmers and agriculturists was not filled with full prosperity. Social inequalities created the basis for the organization of social classes and positions in every society. Women were the first group to experience social inequality. Women being weaker than men were always subject to doing less rigorous but more labor. While a man would be hunting for game, a woman’s responsibility would be to gather small vegetables and fruit if the man returns with no meat. A woman was expected to clean, nurture the small children, prepare a meal and in most cases hold a baby in her womb. Paleolithic lifestyle from the eyes of a woman suggests that a woman was not entirely pleased with the life she lived. A woman was forced into marriage with unknown knowledge of the man before. A woman craved loved but sometimes didn’t feel it in the relationships she was in. Woman were also forced to stay at home which limited the knowledge a woman can have given that she can’t even go outside. Social Inequality limits the progress of a society and women were a prime example. Epidemic diseases not only killed thousands of people and made populations decreased greatly, but also imbedded the fear of death into the minds of many people. And epidemic disease is a widespread of disease that’s transmitted from person to person. This epidemic will not stop until a vaccine is created. An example was the Black Death that plagued European countries from 1348 to 1350. Another example would be smallpox that devastated many countries and civilizations including Ancient Egypt and countries in Europe. After the Neolithic time period and the rise of agriculture, there was also a rise in epidemic disease. Having people live together in unsanitary areas quickly made people vulnerable to bacteria and other viruses. Having no knowledge of this, people of that time period would spread the bacteria to one another through physical contact which would get each other sick. Having large villages would result in a large percentage of people dying because they aren’t moving due to the end of their nomadic life, and are in one place. Also, having an overpopulated area would create a faster way for an entire civilization to perish. Epidemics in the Paleolithic time period contributed to the first mass deaths during that time period. Having to stop moving around and becoming farmers was a very helpful thing to many peoples’ lives, but that didn’t necessarily mean they had something to eat all the time. Farmers worked very hard on their plantations to ensure they had enough food for the next harvest and enough food to survive the harsh winter to come. The harvest would be successful and could also be the reason why entire families would die. A plantation would fail and lead to starvation for most families due to many environmental reasons. Droughts would occur to limit the water supply of crops. Starting to grow plants during the wrong season would definitely ensure a failing plantation. Insects and animals would destroy the hard work of these farmers by eating what the crops have produced, or just destroying it all together. Animals such as raccoons, wolves, or coyotes would see these plantations as an easy access to food and destroy a season’s hard work. Insects such as locusts would devour all in its path and the crops were an easy target for a large group of locusts. The life of a Paleolithic farmer could be prosperous but could be very harsh at times. There are many things that could contribute to the failure of a person that is living a life of agriculture from the Paleolithic time period. There were many limiting factors to making this an unsuccessful way to live, but social inequality, epidemic diseases, and failing crops that led to starvation stood out the most. It was harsh to live a very open life when being a woman subject to social inequality during this time. Living a filthy unsanitary lifestyle would lead to the death and the rise of epidemics to occur in many civilizations. The failing of a farmer’s crops could destroy his life for that season and ruin his family with just one thing to happen to his plantation. The effects of agriculture had not only a positive alternative of living but a heavy, negative, and devastating effect in the life of farmers of the Paleolithic time period.

An Evaluation of the Significant Factors that Contribute towards the Success Of Companies Operating in the Bulgarian Property Market

There are several factors that had come together to give an exceptional boost to the real estate market in Eastern Europe. The major factor that contributed to the boom was the abandoning of central planning, which was a system that was embraced by all communist countries before the fall of the Soviet Union. After that every Soviet block and East European countries had started introducing the market economy. That automatically opened the door for property speculation and currently many investors are buying property in Eastern Europe with a mixed result.Among the East European countries Bulgaria had finished ahead simply because it became among the hot tourist destinations in a few years time and it started to attract both investors and tourists in a big number. The outcome was mixed and there are some who say that Bulgaria’s property market is saturated whereas there are others who say it is still possible to make money by investing in Bulgaria’s real estate. It was in l996 that Bulgaria was able to topple the communist regime.From then on, it had decided like many East European countries to introduce the market economy. While doing that, as European countries it was inevitable that they would join the EU. However, before doing that they had to go through a preparation phase that had a considerable amount of aid earmarked to it. Using whatever was getting into their system these countries were working to transform their economy that had been under a central planning for all those years and eventually they started showing some positive result. (Angelov, Ivan et al. 1992-2001)Bulgaria was not different from similar Eastern European countries in such a way that there was a lot of activity in the capital Sophia where there was some kind of a construction boom simply because the workforce was able to make more money hence they were able to afford to pay for better accommodations. The commercial sector also saw some activity where offices and other comm ercial properties were in high demand. This started attracting investors since the country had opened its doors for outsiders as long as they met certain requirements.What took place was a boom by any standard even if it was not different from what was happening in the other countries that were selling properties cheap simply because they were starting out from a system where property did not have any value since they were under communism. (Petrov, Georgi 1969) In all this Bulgaria got another advantage because of its tourist industry that became very popular to the point where it started to compete with other destination such as Spain, Greece and Portugal. One of the reasons for this was the low price that includes both cost of living and the price of buying property.The second one was Bulgaria has a tourist sector that has a ski resort, a mountain hiking trails and summer vacation spots in the coastal regions of the Black Sea. None of the other countries had all three facilities i n one location. In addition, there is a spa and mineral water that needed development. Once the location became popular, it started attracting tourists in big number. Some of them were only visitors attracted by the beauty of the surrounding area and the low price for the amenities.Some also started buying property because other locations such as Spain were very crowded and the price of property was not as cheap as it was in Bulgaria. In addition, property development companies were also attracted and they had been building apartments, hotels and houses for a while now. However, after all the buying and investing that took place the demand for housing is not accommodated and there is some distance to go before that becomes a reality. The value of property is not where it was at the beginning yet, it is still cheap even if it had been steadily appreciating.This means whether they are investors or people are buying homes for vacation or retirement it is still easy to get a good value for their money even if it is not going to be like those who invested earlier that had paid very cheap price for whatever they bought. Hence, since the demand for housing and other facilities that the tourist population needs is in short supply, especially companies and entrepreneurs who want to invest in the country will see a good return on their investment since the number of the tourist population is growing steadily.There are various sectors to invest into. The office, commercial and industrial sectors go in parallel to the kind of economic growth the country attains, because currently the capital city seems to be saturated and the cheapest properties could be bought around there. However, the development is reaching the other major cities, which means it is still possible to make money by investing in the office, commercial and industrial sector since there is always economic activity. The tourist sector’s demand for various amenities is not met.It means there is enough room for new entrants to make a hefty profit on their investment. What are hot now are apartment buildings, hotels, living accommodation around the spa and the spring water that are scattered around the country, luxury housing that is picking up, and golf courses are among the few areas that are requiring accommodation. Among the East European countries, Bulgaria has become one of the hot investment destinations. There are many reasons contributing for that and among them are its coastal, mountainous and recently its cities are attracting investors in a big number.Although, at this particular juncture it is possible to say there is an on and off signal since some of the markets have started cooling down simply because of the close to 31% annual property value growth that was attained in the last three years alone. Yet there is still a huge price advantage when compared to any European country as well as there is a capital growth that is unmatched anywhere else. The other obvious at traction factors are the sun, sand, sea, skiing, spa and mineral water. It also has a stunning landscape with a moderate temperature that goes with it.All this are coupled with a booming economy that started after the country abandoned its communist system and embraced a market economy. Bulgaria has similar size with Britain but its population is around 7. 45 million people. The country is located in the southern east of Europe and it borders Greece, Macedonian, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro and Turkey. Currently the investment business in properties has cooled off in Sofia the capital where the property price was the highest in the country and since the country had joined the EU the growth rate had accelerated requiring more housing and commercial properties.At the same time because of its 354 km of Black Sea coast and its 37,500 hiking path, mountain trails, blended with its ancient history, it has become among the best tourist destinations in Europe. Many people are buying property at this location as a vacation home, or for future retirement or simply to speculate on the booming and overheated real estate market. The Property Market The property market in Bulgaria had focused on the capital city even if it was taking place across the country. It is possible to buy a decent cottage for ?5000 whereas the average price could be between ? l0,000 and ? l80,000 yet ? 50,000 could also buy a well-maintained property in a good location. The nature of the property market focuses on various sectors. There is the tourist industry that needs accommodation that is not yet saturated, in fact, there are some areas that are not meeting the standard, yet they have become tourist attractions availing huge opportunities especially for property managing companies. The second area is for individual investors who want to buy a property whatever the reason behind it might be.It is possible to use the property as a cottage and renting it out when it is not in use. It is also possib le to plan for retirement or for speculation, because a property bought three years ago would have appreciated up to 30% in addition to the rental income it would generate. And it seems that the market is saturated with such a growth rate, but it is not, which means anyone who is buying property at this point in time certainly will see it appreciating in the coming years although there are a few caveats to look out for.(Property Showrooms) However, the other sector that had become lucrative was the capital Sofia where the demand was high simply because of what was taking place in the capital. The city was attracting a huge amount of investment from outside by creating a prevalence of young and educated work force that needed modern accommodation and it had taken a lot of building to meet the demand creating a lot of opportunities for companies to head that way. (Baytchinska, Krassimira et al.1998) It is not only that a huge amount of commercial development was required as the (Annua l Reports 1991-2000) demand was growing at a fast pace, another opportunity that was attracting big developers. Another reason why bigger, experienced, and well funded companies had a good chance to be successful in that area is it is only such companies that will be in a position to obtain permission as they can meet the strict environmental standards that is being put in place.As well, paying a particular attention to the natural beauty of the surrounding and the country parks is also important. What this meant was anyone that meets the requirements can go in there and buy built property and rent it out until the price appreciates and when it becomes profitable it is possible to put it on the market. While such opportunities are available even for individual investors, it is bigger developers that benefit more since they could be involved in a bigger scale development. (Due, J. M. and Schmidt, S. C. 1995) TourismThe other driver is tourism that has created an unprecedented opportu nity in the country by making it the newest attraction among the international tourist industry. Accordingly, the summer months see over 50% of the overall tourist population who are there to visit the coastal regions. The winter months come in second by attracting around l4% of the tourist population who are coming there to take advantage of the ski resorts. The forecast for 2010 estimates the number of tourists visiting the region would surpass 20 million making it among the emerging tourist attractions.One of the reasons that is contributing to the success displayed in the capital city was its close proximity to one of the popular ski resorts at Vitosha where visitors are looking for high quality accommodation that is creating the dual market advantage fuelling the property investment. (Polycontact) LITERATURE REVIEW Real Estate Cycle Real Estate cycle had always been influenced by how the economy was performing. At the same time the population growth also has a direct effect on the demand of real estate since they will need more amenities.It also requires accommodation, hence the amenities need to be at a given location to tend for all the needs. Because of that real estate is considered to be a cyclical industry that reflects what goes on in the economy. The first individual who discussed real estate cycle was Homer Hoyt in the year 1993 when he analysed the Chicago market scene. Prichett (1984) confirmed that there is a real estate cycle that always lag demand, but it was possible to determine the cycle when both demand and supply go the opposite direction.Accordingly, he stated that the best time for investors to go in is when there is a decline in the market and when the market starts to pick up. Witten (1987) continued on the same idea by saying that every location has its own unique cycle that it introduces into the market and stated that supply is mostly determined by the availability of capital. That is proven to be true in Bulgaria where the deman d is not met simply because the number of investors and developers is still very low even if the demand is already there and is growing.Brown (1984) was not different from the others in that he stated that the main determining factor as far as cycles are concerned was what was happening in the economy. But he stressed on the length of the time such studies will be conducted since he believes that the longer the time is the finding will be better. According to him if the aim is to avail a reliable feasibility analysis, investment advice or credible market analysis, trends and seasonal components will have to be removed from the study that will be conducted.Wheaton (1987) studied ten cities and determined markets for office space have 10 to 12 years time span and that had been demonstrated to be true in Bulgaria as it will be demonstrated later where the cycle is the outcome of how the economy performs and factors such as GDP, interest rate and employment growth have a direct effect o n the cycle. Wheaton and Torto (1988) studied both rent and the available vacancy and found out that it is possible that there is a drop of 2% on a yearly basis for the glut that will be created in space for rent.Phyrr, Born and Webb (1990) based their real estate analysis on a theoretical cycle model that focuses on demand, supply and the effect of inflation and arrived at a conclusion that the timing in acquiring and desposing off a property is crucial in realising profit for would be investors. Phyr, Born, Robinson and Lucas (1996) took their research further by comparing a traditional valuation model against what they called cyclical assumptions by taking into consideration demand, supply, absorption, occupancy rate and the rent difference between new and older units.The conclusion they arrived at was cyclical assumptions could affect how properties are valued, but the better method was the cyclical model, which is a better indicator for a long term investment when compared to k nowing the value of a property at one point in time. Mueller and Laposa (1994, 1995) took into consideration sub markets by stating, on the outset it seems that sub markets move differently, but in the long run they tend to fall back in place with the overall markets.The case in Bulgaria had been different simply because of the number of drivers that can function independent of each other and have their own unique characteristics that are not influenced by the others, yet they can be labelled as sub markets. Muller (1995) came up with two cycle types, a physical cycle that looks at the demand, supply and occupancy rate and the second one that looks at the capital flow into real estate that will affect the property price. If there is excess capital finding its way into the market it will bring down the price of both rent and property value.What is taking place in Bulgaria is the opposite simply because it is a new market and there is lack of capital coming into the country to satisfy the existing demand that is on the rise. It is also worth mentioning Grenadier (1995) who developed a theoretical option pricing model studying by how vacancy rate and rent are interacting. The finding was both follow the economic trend where when there are booms and growth rents will start to get higher as there is surging demand.That is exactly taking place in Bulgaria now where owners or investors that buy property to rent will always see their rent income appreciating simply because the demand is rising consistently. The Price Factor When examining the factors that are influencing the property market in Bulgaria they are not different from what the academician above touched on. Because of that the FDW Model that came into existence when DiPasquale and Wheaton (1992) published a diagrammatic integrated property and asset market model on the website of Curtin Business School is used on this research.The particular publication was followed by an article written by Fisher, DiPasqua le and Wheaton that became FDW Model that focuses on a given real estate market, asset market variables and factors that contribute in establishing the equilibrium of demand and supply of a particular market. This particular model is applied here to examine the factors that are influencing the Bulgarian real estate market. One fact that ascertains a good future for the country is it has managed to keep property prices reasonably low when compared to other European countries that have joined the EU recently whose cost of living had risen considerably.On top of that this particular country is managing to mix two sectors together in such a way that since what it avails for the tourist industry is vital there is a need for adequate and modern accommodation that is not met yet and that will be on the rise for as long as the number of tourists is on the rise. The other area is the country’s economy is also growing and it would create enough demand in the capital for now that will s pread to the other regions over time. The demand in the capital is somewhat met and is saturated currently yet, as a growing economy there will continue to be a surge in demand as the economy grows.Another area that is adding lustre to what is taking place is the new demand for secure and luxury development that is another challenge that has to be harnessed by companies that have specialisation in that area. (Eastern Europe Property) Hence, since it is possible to say the country is new in its endeavour it would mean that it still has more room and potential to grow its economy as well as raising the standard of living of its people that is not advanced yet, especially in the rural regions.(Minassian, Garabed, Totev, Stoyan 1996) When that takes place over the years any company that has a good presence will be in a position to spot the opportunities and capitalise on them. Since the country is already a member of the EU that has a master plan for all its members to attain a certain amount of growth in a given period of time, it cannot become stagnant until it meets that requirement that will take years.Moreover, as the living standard of the local people improves their demand for accommodation will be much higher than it is now creating a sustainable boom that is not easy to exhaust in the near future. In addition to that it is a tourist attraction that has seen an increase of 50% between the years 2000 and 2004 where 90% came from the EU countries. This means there will be a similar growth rate going forward into 2010 that is expected to reach 20 million and all that influx definitely requires accommodation that is going lacking now as there are busy destinations that are barely managing.This means a huge opportunity mainly for developers that can build bigger housing complexes that are available for rent as well as for sale by the unit. Big hotels are needed badly and the amount the best hotels are charging now is very low compared to what is happening in th e other part of the world, which means more opportunities for companies that want to open bigger hotels since there is an obvious shortage.

Childbirth and Development Essay

1-1.2 Connections between development and learning There is a strong connection between development and learning as children need to develop certain skills in order to learn and also the motivation to learn something new can help a child develop further skills. For example, for a baby to learn to walk there needs to be a level of coordination and growth and therefore by learning to walk has improved both the child’s physical development and recognotion. Variations in the rate and sequence of development and learning All children develop at their own rates because of both genetic and environmental factors. Learning difficulties. Some children have difficulties which prevent them from learning in the same way and the causes can be medical conditions, chromosomal conditions and others are not yet understood. However, this doesnt mean that children with learning difficulties will have this problems in all areas of development. Some children will have develop some skills better than others: the ability to draw, to socialise etc. Giftedness. Some children are seen as inteligent very early. We may notice that some children tend to memorise easily and they can learn new skills very quick. This is thought to be linked with a stimulating environment and a strong „ genetic component† ( Heinemann Book). Stimulating environment and the aquisition of language. Children whom are given stimulating experiences and more opportunities are likely to develop faster. Language aquisition is strongly linked to the time children spend around adults and quality interaction. Attachment. If a child feels loevd  and safe it makes it easier to acheve their full potential. Strong relationships are the foundation for every childs development. Learning in different way. Children learn by copying from adults but also by learning from their own experiences. For todlers and babies it is actually most likely that they learn from doing rather then from being taught. The importance of play Play is an essential part of every childs development. Through play children develop skills in all ares of development. Good play helps them be happy and explore, but can also teach them about materials, social skills.† Play begins very early on in babies lives as long as they have an adult who can engage with them†. ( Heinemann book) 1-1.3 All children develop at their own rates, but some of them do because of difficultiess linked during conception, pregnancy and birth. Pre-conceptual care. Even before a baby is conceived, the quality of their parents life style can have a huge impact on their development. Future parents should think about giving up on smoking, cutting down the alcohol, taking folic acid suppliments and avoiding recreational drogs. It is also advised not to start having a family to late cause it gets harder for some women to conceive. Conception. In the moment of conception the fertilised egg will have 23 chromosomes from the father and 23 chromosomes from the mother which determine the child’s development. This mixing is actually a nature’s lottery as some medical conditions are the result of genetic combination. Pregnancy. During pregnancy the baby can be affected by the health of their mother as well as by the lifestyle. Factors that may affect the child are stress, diet and alcohol. The first 12 weeks of pregnancy are when the „foetus is most vulnerable and during this time the foetus becomes recongnisably human†.( Heinemann Book) Substance abuse. The effects of drugs can be devesting for the baby especially in the first 12 weeks but even after. All pregnant women are advised not to take any drugs unless advised to do so by a doctor. Alcohol. Alcohol can enter a babies blood streem and can have serious effects. A special condition known as Foetal Alcohol  Syndrome affect children’s cognitive development including their concentration. Infections. Some infections such as food poisoning, rubella, or sexual transmitted diseases can put the unborn at risk. Maternal health. Maternal diet. The baby needs nutrients for his/hers well-being so the diet of the mother plays an important part throughout the pregnancy. Diet is particularly important during the first 12 weeks when the lack of mineral called folic acid can cause spina bifida. Overall women dont need a special diet when they are pregnant but they need to have a balanced one. They sould also avoid eating certain foods such as unpaasteurised cheese, soft cheese and Brie, blue cheesee which can contain the bacteria listeria which can cause miscarriage, premature delivery or severe illness in a new born baby. This can also be found in some pate and smoked fish., raw or partially cooked eggs, raw and undercooked meat. Birth. Assisted birth. Most women give birth vaginally but sometimes a Caesarean section is given. A Caesarean may be planned or may have to be carried out at short notice if there are difficulties when giving birth. Birth trauma. The main danger for babies during birth is the lack of oxygen but this is relatively rare and most babies are born safely. Prematurity and multiple births. A baby’s development can be affected if they are born before the full term of pregnancy. Full term is considered to be between 38 and 42 weeks. Some babies may be premature as a result of medical intervention or mothers may go spontaaneusly into labour.survival rates for premature babies has increased as a result of technology and advances in medical understanding.the extend to which development is affected variesand is linked to how early the child is born. The last few weeks are vital for the baby as they gain weight during that period and the baby’s oragns and nervous system matures. Babies born between 35 to 38 weeks are usually mature enough to feed and breath and so long term development is not affected but babies who are born much earlier will need significant medical support in order to survive and are usually place in the incubator that is designed to keep the baby warm and safe from infection. Premature babies are at higher risk of developing hearing or sight problems and also learning  difficulties . 1-1.4 Current research The latest research into the development and learning of babies and young children centres on the brains structure and function. Now it came to light that early stimulation are vital to the child’s healthy development of the brain. Along with stimulation it also seems that sufficient sleep and a healthy diet makes a difference in allowing connection to be made. The scientific discipline that looks at the brain development is known as neuroscience. This is a relatively new area of research and has been helped by the technology of brain scans. Brain development begins well before birth. Special brain cells are called neurons and are formed between tenth and twentieth week. These cells are very important as they will eventually join together to allow the brain to fubction normally. Babies who enjoy and are stimulated and enjoy a rich environment of sensations and movement shoud develop strong and dense synapses ( „ network of connections which enable neurons to transmit electrical impulses, so passing information from one part of the brain to another† Heinemann Book) that will cope with prunning. On the other hand babies who are deprived of stimulation and language may lose out as prunning seems to take away synapses that are not used and it is now clear that these cannot be replaced later. As a result of all the research there is a strong emphasis on the early yeaars sector on creating an enabling and stimulating environament and providing good sensory opportunities for babies and toddlers.

Eligibility Rules

An eligibility rule for the Salvation Army is all applicants to have to have children under 18 living with them. HACK does not require you to have children, however, you do need to have a referral from another non-profit organizations. Another eye difference between the two agencies would be the criminal back ground check. The Salvation Army specifies â€Å"anyone convicted of a felony, violent offence or sexual offence will not be accepted into the program. † (testosterone, 2014).Whereas HACK_A merely mentions that they will conduct a background check. The biggest difference between the two is that the Salvation Army is very specific with their requirements. For example, they do not accept anyone who is not practicing sobriety, or at least been sober for 12 months, and requires proof. They also require all children to be enrolled in school, but do not accept home schooling as a form of school. The HACK_A does not mention sobriety as a part of their eligibility rules.A similar ity between both agencies would be they both provide services to help the participants achieve the ultimate goal of becoming independent, and maintaining a permanent living situation. Also, both agencies mention that participants must meet the low income guidelines. However, HACK mentions their applicants have to meet the very low income guidelines which is listed as $28,550 according to their link (1 person). Whereas, the Salvation Army has heir income requirements listed as low income.

Logistics Term Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Logistics Term Paper - Essay Example However, to realize these benefits, shippers must meet the growing task of dealing with customs and compliance issues surrounding their participation in free-trade agreements. Promoting key relationships with shipping and intermediary partners is a necessary strategy in cross-border transportation between the US and Mexico. As the growth of NAFTA cross-border traffic regulations for Mexico continues to drive trade growth between the two countries, compliance and security issues continue to challenge transportation and logistics providers as well as shippers (Villarreal 67). There are considerable impediments for the efficient good movement between the two countries. Major hurdles derive from transaction costs which reduce and often eliminate the benefits gained from the removal of tariffs resulting from NAFTA. Transaction costs in this paper refers to cost not linked with direct transportation expenses like freight rates, but those that emerge from complying with security, safety and customs procedures, delays at border crossings and those linked with extra handling of goods as a result of lack of a harmonized transportation system (Lederman, Maloney, and Serven 112). These costs increases prices for traded goods and affect the demand for goods manufactured in these countries. Transaction costs arise from regulatory and infrastructure issue that add costs to the movement of goods. According to Frittelli (36) their quantifying is hard given the wide range of factors that affect trade and transportation in North America. A recent study estimated the total delay costs along the U.S.-Mexico border, at nearly $80 million (Tsui 9). It is hard to distinguish costs as a result border security regulations from those that are due to poor infrastructure or lack of harmonization. Particularly, as security regulations continue to evolve as emerging

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 23

Report - Essay Example From the performance, it can be noted that teacher Smith is rated good in all the years both in first grade as well as second grade. This is because of the good job that she did while in class with the students. The presentation for both years one and two are as shown below. It is important to note that in all the graphical presentations, 1 and 3 are first grades while 2 and 4 are second grade. However the good performance, the first grade in year one was not that pleasing. Another good performance was realized from what was done by Casey. This therefore made her to be the best in terms of ranking of the teachers from all the averages made. The graph below shows the good work from the students that she taught This is a very credible that can best show the efforts put in place by the various teachers. It is important to highlight that a good teacher shows continuous performance all through the session. Whenever the performance of a teacher goes down together with the averages, it clearly denotes that something is not right somewhere and the students are not being given the best in terms of delivery. Whenever a student is not given the best in terms of teaching, it is important to reiterate that this will be effectively shown in the student performance. In the discussion of the validity of criteria 2,it can be clearly noted that this method of evaluation is very much sensitive as it is much demanding for a teacher to make it happen that the average is above 548 which is the district mean. This therefore means that the teachers who make it to this or more than this is very much hardworking and so they are good teachers. This is because making sure that all students excel such that even when the average is calculated it stil remains above the